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Sabtu, 19 Juli 2008

2 Metode Mempercepat Browser Firefox

by Fino Yurio Kristo - detikinet

Jakarta - Bagi pengguna Firefox yang ingin menambah kecepatan browser, metode-metode berikut ini bisa dicoba, seperti dikutip detikINET dari Online-tech, Jumat (20/6/2008).

Metode 1:
1. Buka browser Mozilla Firefox.
2. Ketik 'about:config' pada address bar, lalu tekan enter.
3. Turunkan halaman sampai Anda menemukan kalimat 'browser.tabs.showSingleWindowsModePrefs', lalu double klik sehingga settingannya menjadi 'true'.
4. Turunkan lagi halaman Firefox sampai Anda menemukan baris berbunyi 'network.http.pipelining', lalu double klik sehingga settingannya juga menjadi 'true'.
5. Terakhir, turunkan lagi halaman Firefox dan carilah baris yang berbunyi 'network.http.pipelining.maxrequests', lalu double klik. Anda akan disuguhi sebuah window pop up. Ubahlah angka di pop up itu menjadi 60. Kemudian tekanlah 'Ok'.
6. Tutup Firefox lalu coba buka kembali. Jika tidak ada masalah, Firefox Anda akan terbuka 10-40 persen lebih cepat daripada sebelumnya dengan langkah-langkah seperti di atas.

Metode 2:

Langkah mujarab lain untuk meningkatkan kecepatan Firefox adalah dengan menggunakan add-on untuk Firefox bernama FasterFox. FasterFox ini membuat pemakaian bandwidth lebih efektif sehingga bisa mempercepat performa Firefox. Anda bisa mendownload FasterFox di alamat: http://fasterfox.mozdev.org.


Read More...... by Fino Yurio Kristo - detikinet

Jakarta - Bagi pengguna Firefox yang ingin menambah kecepatan browser, metode-metode berikut ini bisa dicoba, seperti dikutip detikINET dari Online-tech, Jumat (20/6/2008).

Metode 1:
1. Buka browser Mozilla Firefox.
2. Ketik 'about:config' pada address bar, lalu tekan enter.
3. Turunkan halaman sampai Anda menemukan kalimat 'browser.tabs.showSingleWindowsModePrefs', lalu double klik sehingga settingannya menjadi 'true'.
4. Turunkan lagi halaman Firefox sampai Anda menemukan baris berbunyi 'network.http.pipelining', lalu double klik sehingga settingannya juga menjadi 'true'.
5. Terakhir, turunkan lagi halaman Firefox dan carilah baris yang berbunyi 'network.http.pipelining.maxrequests', lalu double klik. Anda akan disuguhi sebuah window pop up. Ubahlah angka di pop up itu menjadi 60. Kemudian tekanlah 'Ok'.
6. Tutup Firefox lalu coba buka kembali. Jika tidak ada masalah, Firefox Anda akan terbuka 10-40 persen lebih cepat daripada sebelumnya dengan langkah-langkah seperti di atas.

Metode 2:

Langkah mujarab lain untuk meningkatkan kecepatan Firefox adalah dengan menggunakan add-on untuk Firefox bernama FasterFox. FasterFox ini membuat pemakaian bandwidth lebih efektif sehingga bisa mempercepat performa Firefox. Anda bisa mendownload FasterFox di alamat: http://fasterfox.mozdev.org.


2 Langkah Melindungi 'Data Rahasia' di Situs Web

Penulis: Ahmad Suwandi - detikinet

Jakarta - Dalam sebuah hosting atau web server, seringkali ditemui banyak folder-folder. Kebanyakan berupa folder penyimpanan Content Management System (CMS) atau aplikasi dan plugins.

Namun, adakalanya juga seorang user menyimpan data dalam folder di web server atau hosting. Tujuannya, untuk berbagi file dengan orang lain.

Misalnya, Anda meletakkan dalam folder Data_Rahasia. Kemudian link atau URL lokasinya dibagi ke orang lain agar bisa diunduh. Alamatnya adalah www.webanda.com/Data_Rahasia/.

Fenomena yang (sayangnya) kerap dilakukan di situs 'pelat merah' ini sebenarnya sangat beresiko. Bisa jadi, dengan bantuan mesin pencari, data yang kita simpan diambil oleh orang yang tidak diharapkan.

Untuk mencegah hal itu, ada sebuah cara yang bisa digunakan. Hanya dengan membuat sebuah file sederhana. Sebuah file yang lazim dikenal dengan nama .htaccess.

Dengan file .htaccess, maka file dalam folder penyimpanan tidak bisa dibuka melalui browser. Hanya bisa dibuka menggunakan aplikasi File Transfer Protocol (FTP) atau melalui fitur File Manager dalam control panel hosting.

Berikut ini langkah-langkahnya:

Pertama, membuat file .htaccess.
 Bukalah aplikasi editor teks yang biasa Anda pakai.
 Pengguna Windows bisa menggunakan Notepad, pengguna Linux bisa menggunakan Text Editor atau perintah vi dalam console mode. Sedangkan pengguna Mac bisa menggunakan TextEdit.
 Isikan baris-baris perintah ini:
AuthType Basic
AuthName “Test .htaccess”
Require user test
 Simpan file ini dengan nama .htaccess. Jika tidak diizinkan oleh sistem operasi Anda menyimpan file bernama .htaccess, simpan saja dalam nama yang lain.

Kedua, upload file .htaccess dalam folder yang ingin Anda lindungi.
 Dalam hal ini di www.webanda.com/Data_Rahasia/.
 Upload biasanya dilakukan menggunakan FTP.
 Setelah selesai, ubah nama file menjadi .htaccess.

Voila! Folder Anda (www.webanda.com/Data_Rahasia/) sudah tidak bisa diakses sekarang.


Read More...... Penulis: Ahmad Suwandi - detikinet

Jakarta - Dalam sebuah hosting atau web server, seringkali ditemui banyak folder-folder. Kebanyakan berupa folder penyimpanan Content Management System (CMS) atau aplikasi dan plugins.

Namun, adakalanya juga seorang user menyimpan data dalam folder di web server atau hosting. Tujuannya, untuk berbagi file dengan orang lain.

Misalnya, Anda meletakkan dalam folder Data_Rahasia. Kemudian link atau URL lokasinya dibagi ke orang lain agar bisa diunduh. Alamatnya adalah www.webanda.com/Data_Rahasia/.

Fenomena yang (sayangnya) kerap dilakukan di situs 'pelat merah' ini sebenarnya sangat beresiko. Bisa jadi, dengan bantuan mesin pencari, data yang kita simpan diambil oleh orang yang tidak diharapkan.

Untuk mencegah hal itu, ada sebuah cara yang bisa digunakan. Hanya dengan membuat sebuah file sederhana. Sebuah file yang lazim dikenal dengan nama .htaccess.

Dengan file .htaccess, maka file dalam folder penyimpanan tidak bisa dibuka melalui browser. Hanya bisa dibuka menggunakan aplikasi File Transfer Protocol (FTP) atau melalui fitur File Manager dalam control panel hosting.

Berikut ini langkah-langkahnya:

Pertama, membuat file .htaccess.
 Bukalah aplikasi editor teks yang biasa Anda pakai.
 Pengguna Windows bisa menggunakan Notepad, pengguna Linux bisa menggunakan Text Editor atau perintah vi dalam console mode. Sedangkan pengguna Mac bisa menggunakan TextEdit.
 Isikan baris-baris perintah ini:
AuthType Basic
AuthName “Test .htaccess”
Require user test
 Simpan file ini dengan nama .htaccess. Jika tidak diizinkan oleh sistem operasi Anda menyimpan file bernama .htaccess, simpan saja dalam nama yang lain.

Kedua, upload file .htaccess dalam folder yang ingin Anda lindungi.
 Dalam hal ini di www.webanda.com/Data_Rahasia/.
 Upload biasanya dilakukan menggunakan FTP.
 Setelah selesai, ubah nama file menjadi .htaccess.

Voila! Folder Anda (www.webanda.com/Data_Rahasia/) sudah tidak bisa diakses sekarang.


Jumat, 18 Juli 2008

7 Tips Aksesoris Ponsel 'Anti Tilang'


Jakarta - Kepolisian sedang mempertimbangkan aturan tilang bagi pengemudi berponsel. Untuk itu ada baiknya pengguna ponsel mulai beralih ke handsfree (menelepon tanpa menggunakan tangan). Apa saja pilihan aksesoris ponsel untuk handsfree?

Berikut ini tips memilih aksesoris ponsel untuk berbicara tanpa memegang ponsel seperti dikutip detikINET dari ABC, Rabu (2/7/2008):
1. Anda dapat memilih menggunakan headset kabel atau tanpa kabel. Harga headset Bluetooth bervariasi mulai dari sekitar $10 atau sekitar Rp 100 ribu dan yang paling mahal $150 sekitar Rp. 1,5 juta untuk model yang paling bagus seperti Aliph Jawbone atau Plantronik Discovery 925.
2. Jika anda tidak menyukai headset, maka anda dapat menggantinya dengan speaker yang dihubungkan lewat Bluetooth yang ada di telepon. Contohnya, BlueAnt Superbluetooth 3 Handsfree Speakerphone yang bahkan bisa membacakan nama penelepon panggilan masuk dengan membaca buku alamat.
3. Ada juga aksesoris dari Parrot yang menghubungkan ponsel ke speaker pada sistem audio/radio mobil. Namun, meski mudah saat penggunaannya, pemasangan aksesoris semacam ini mungkin agak rumit.
4. Banyak perangkat Global Positioning System (GPS) yang juga bisa terhubung lewat Bluetooth. Jika Anda sudah punya perangkat seperti buatan Garmin atau Tom Tom, perangkat GPS itu bisa berfungsi sebagai pengeras suara juga. Bahkan ada yang menyediakan kemampuan membaca pesan SMS yang masuk.
5. Untuk ponsel 'jadul' tanpa kemampuan Bluetooth, gunakan headset berkabel.
6. Di sisi lain, pengguna ponsel yang lebih canggih (alias Smartphone) bisa men-download piranti lunak Nuance Voice Control untuk menjalankan fungsi ponsel dengan perintah suara.
7. Situs FreeHeadset.org menyediakan headset 'gratis' bagi ponsel tipe tertentu. Pengguna cukup mengganti biaya kirim sebesar USD 3,5. Situs itu melayani pengiriman internasional.

Semoga tips itu bisa membantu Anda memilih aksesoris yang tepat guna mengemudi lebih aman. Apalagi jika aturan tilang jadi diberlakukan, handsfree agaknya menjadi pilihan yang tidak bisa dihindari lagi.


Read More......
Jakarta - Kepolisian sedang mempertimbangkan aturan tilang bagi pengemudi berponsel. Untuk itu ada baiknya pengguna ponsel mulai beralih ke handsfree (menelepon tanpa menggunakan tangan). Apa saja pilihan aksesoris ponsel untuk handsfree?

Berikut ini tips memilih aksesoris ponsel untuk berbicara tanpa memegang ponsel seperti dikutip detikINET dari ABC, Rabu (2/7/2008):
1. Anda dapat memilih menggunakan headset kabel atau tanpa kabel. Harga headset Bluetooth bervariasi mulai dari sekitar $10 atau sekitar Rp 100 ribu dan yang paling mahal $150 sekitar Rp. 1,5 juta untuk model yang paling bagus seperti Aliph Jawbone atau Plantronik Discovery 925.
2. Jika anda tidak menyukai headset, maka anda dapat menggantinya dengan speaker yang dihubungkan lewat Bluetooth yang ada di telepon. Contohnya, BlueAnt Superbluetooth 3 Handsfree Speakerphone yang bahkan bisa membacakan nama penelepon panggilan masuk dengan membaca buku alamat.
3. Ada juga aksesoris dari Parrot yang menghubungkan ponsel ke speaker pada sistem audio/radio mobil. Namun, meski mudah saat penggunaannya, pemasangan aksesoris semacam ini mungkin agak rumit.
4. Banyak perangkat Global Positioning System (GPS) yang juga bisa terhubung lewat Bluetooth. Jika Anda sudah punya perangkat seperti buatan Garmin atau Tom Tom, perangkat GPS itu bisa berfungsi sebagai pengeras suara juga. Bahkan ada yang menyediakan kemampuan membaca pesan SMS yang masuk.
5. Untuk ponsel 'jadul' tanpa kemampuan Bluetooth, gunakan headset berkabel.
6. Di sisi lain, pengguna ponsel yang lebih canggih (alias Smartphone) bisa men-download piranti lunak Nuance Voice Control untuk menjalankan fungsi ponsel dengan perintah suara.
7. Situs FreeHeadset.org menyediakan headset 'gratis' bagi ponsel tipe tertentu. Pengguna cukup mengganti biaya kirim sebesar USD 3,5. Situs itu melayani pengiriman internasional.

Semoga tips itu bisa membantu Anda memilih aksesoris yang tepat guna mengemudi lebih aman. Apalagi jika aturan tilang jadi diberlakukan, handsfree agaknya menjadi pilihan yang tidak bisa dihindari lagi.


Kamis, 17 Juli 2008

Tana Toraja out to win UNESCO award, and visitors


by Abdul Khalik, The Jakarta Post, Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi
The rainy season comes early in Tana Toraja, but it does not dampen the generous beauty of the mountain panoramas, or its exotic culture, blessed with traditional burial sites and architecture.
The face of Tana Toraja regent JA Situru beamed with hope as he explained the area's attractions for both domestic and foreign tourists compared to other parts of the country.
""Tana Toraja has all of the potential to become a global tourist destination because of its unique culture and sites. The international community has recognized our sites from many years ago,"" Situru told The Jakarta Post.
It was not the empty exaggeration of an official selling his area; tourism sites abound in this area nestled in the mountains of South Sulawesi, from burial places carved out of cliffs and rocky crags, traditional houses, megalithic tombs and fantastic mountain views.
Although there are hundreds of potential tourism sites in Tana Toraja, only about 30 tourism sites are accessible to tourists because of infrastructure and transportation problems.
The Toraja Festival, a cultural celebration on Dec. 28-Dec. 29, is expected to help bring attention to the unique culture and customs.
Getting around Toraja is not difficult as there are plenty of tour operators. But getting there is not so easy; visitors have no option but to take overland transportation from Makassar as flights from the provincial capital were closed in 2001 due to the decreasing numbers of passengers and high operational costs.
But that long overland drive, taking about seven to eight hours, offers spectacular views of mountains, steep terraced slopes and tall bamboo forests along the way.
Upon first entering Tana Toraja, visitors pass through Makale, the regency capital. There are several hotels and motels here if tourists prefer to stay in the administrative and commercial hub.
Those wishing to be closer to the sites should head 15 kilometers north to Rantepao, the cultural center of Tana Toraja.
There are two four-star hotels in Rantepao: Marante Hotel provides excellent services in traditional building, fantastic views and swimming pool located along the main road, while the remoter Toraja Heritage Hotel has views of mountains and rice fields.
Many other hotels of three and two stars and motels are easily located around Rantepao.
On the way from Makale to Rantepao, there is Lemo, one of the most popular traditional graveyards in the area. Here is a balcony full of local wooden or bamboo statues called tau-tau, mixed up together in the steep coral stone museum in the open air. Most of the graves are hundreds of years old.
Halfway on the trip to Rantepao, Londa, another famous grave site, is found. Here, visitors are greeted by a wide balcony filled with tau-tau at the entrance to the cave. Ancient as well as more recent graves are inside a long, big cave in the side of a mountain.
It is divided into three parts: Laymen and common people are buried on the lowest level of the mountain while middle-class people are buried on the second. The top part of the mountain, accessed by climbing up bamboo ladders, is reserved for nobles.
Visitors need to rent a strong flashlight or a kerosene lamp to venture inside the cave, where coffins, bones and skulls are scattered. Many locals provide the service at the entrance of the cave for Rp 10,000 (a little over US$1).
Moving north, two different but culturally connected sites are found in Buntu Pune and Karassik. Buntu Pune is a traditional village consisting of Tongkonan, the Torajan traditional house, and several rice storage barns of a similar size and shape of the houses.
About two kilometers away in Karassik is a yard filled with menhir (megalithic stones) to commemorate the dead members of Buntu Pune family. The higher the stone, the greater the status of the deceased.
Similar grave sites and a menhir yard are also found in Bori' Parinding on the northern side of Rantepao.
Two native Torajans were busy carving rock with iron chisels to create a grave for someone who had died recently.
""It belongs to the member of a noble, wealthy family. It has taken almost two years to complete the grave. We charge Rp 12 million for each grave,"" one of the craftsmen told the Post.
Eli Bernard of the Tana Toraja Tourism Agency explained that the family would fill the grave with jewelry, gold and other personal belongings to enable the dead to enjoy the same amenities they had during life.
""Torajans believe that dead people still need those precious belongings to enjoy their journey in the after life,"" he said.
Kete' Kesu, a similar site but more extensive, is located at the southeastern side of Rantepao. Here, all aspects of Torajan ceremonies and daily life, including architecture, bamboo forests, traditional rice fields and burials, can be found.
Two other traditional housings compounds are found in Pallawa and Rante Kande Api. Pallawa, which is one of the oldest original traditional housing sites in the area, consists of Tangkonan and 14 rice storage barns located in front of the traditional houses, which all face north, the place where heaven, according to Torajan folklore, is located.
There are seven traditional houses at the site of Rante Kande Api. The traditional houses are constructed with wooden components full of ornaments. There are also 10 rice storage barns at the site.
All of the traditional complexes have beautiful, picture-postcard views.
There are many more fascinating places in Toraja, including the baby cemetery in Sangalla, the traditional houses in Marante, the King of Suaya grave in Suaya and the megaliths of Batutumongga.
As Situru said, the beauty and extant cultural heritage are internationally recognized. Since 2001, UNESCO has nominated Tana Toraja as a designated cultural heritage site, to join the ranks of Borobudur temple in Central Java and the Great Wall of China.
Minister of Culture and Tourism Jero Wacik said that Toraja held a good chance of winning the designation -- which would make it more attractive to foreign visitors.
""However, it depends on us to preserve and take care of the heritage if we want UNESCO to soon announce Tana Toraja as a world cultural heritage site. We have to work hard to meet UNESCO's requirements and thus convince them that the land is worthy of the award,"" he said recently in Jakarta.
Despite its venerated beauty and recognition, the number of visitors to Tana Toraja has shown a sharp downturn in recent years. In 2001, about 72,000 tourists came to the area, but the number plummeted to 43,000 in 2003. As of September 2004, the number of visitors for the year was only 20,000.
Situru complained that the decreasing trend was partly caused by the discontinuation of the flight from Makassar to Toraja.
""The long overland journey makes many tourists reluctant to come. All local and international tourists said to me that Toraja has among the most unique and beautiful attractions in the world, but it is useless because of the long and tiring journey. A tourist once told me that he needed to visit Toraja only once because of the tiring journey.""
He hoped the government would renovate Pongtiku Airport to enable larger aircraft to land in Toraja, and shorten the journey to the area.


Read More......
by Abdul Khalik, The Jakarta Post, Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi
The rainy season comes early in Tana Toraja, but it does not dampen the generous beauty of the mountain panoramas, or its exotic culture, blessed with traditional burial sites and architecture.
The face of Tana Toraja regent JA Situru beamed with hope as he explained the area's attractions for both domestic and foreign tourists compared to other parts of the country.
""Tana Toraja has all of the potential to become a global tourist destination because of its unique culture and sites. The international community has recognized our sites from many years ago,"" Situru told The Jakarta Post.
It was not the empty exaggeration of an official selling his area; tourism sites abound in this area nestled in the mountains of South Sulawesi, from burial places carved out of cliffs and rocky crags, traditional houses, megalithic tombs and fantastic mountain views.
Although there are hundreds of potential tourism sites in Tana Toraja, only about 30 tourism sites are accessible to tourists because of infrastructure and transportation problems.
The Toraja Festival, a cultural celebration on Dec. 28-Dec. 29, is expected to help bring attention to the unique culture and customs.
Getting around Toraja is not difficult as there are plenty of tour operators. But getting there is not so easy; visitors have no option but to take overland transportation from Makassar as flights from the provincial capital were closed in 2001 due to the decreasing numbers of passengers and high operational costs.
But that long overland drive, taking about seven to eight hours, offers spectacular views of mountains, steep terraced slopes and tall bamboo forests along the way.
Upon first entering Tana Toraja, visitors pass through Makale, the regency capital. There are several hotels and motels here if tourists prefer to stay in the administrative and commercial hub.
Those wishing to be closer to the sites should head 15 kilometers north to Rantepao, the cultural center of Tana Toraja.
There are two four-star hotels in Rantepao: Marante Hotel provides excellent services in traditional building, fantastic views and swimming pool located along the main road, while the remoter Toraja Heritage Hotel has views of mountains and rice fields.
Many other hotels of three and two stars and motels are easily located around Rantepao.
On the way from Makale to Rantepao, there is Lemo, one of the most popular traditional graveyards in the area. Here is a balcony full of local wooden or bamboo statues called tau-tau, mixed up together in the steep coral stone museum in the open air. Most of the graves are hundreds of years old.
Halfway on the trip to Rantepao, Londa, another famous grave site, is found. Here, visitors are greeted by a wide balcony filled with tau-tau at the entrance to the cave. Ancient as well as more recent graves are inside a long, big cave in the side of a mountain.
It is divided into three parts: Laymen and common people are buried on the lowest level of the mountain while middle-class people are buried on the second. The top part of the mountain, accessed by climbing up bamboo ladders, is reserved for nobles.
Visitors need to rent a strong flashlight or a kerosene lamp to venture inside the cave, where coffins, bones and skulls are scattered. Many locals provide the service at the entrance of the cave for Rp 10,000 (a little over US$1).
Moving north, two different but culturally connected sites are found in Buntu Pune and Karassik. Buntu Pune is a traditional village consisting of Tongkonan, the Torajan traditional house, and several rice storage barns of a similar size and shape of the houses.
About two kilometers away in Karassik is a yard filled with menhir (megalithic stones) to commemorate the dead members of Buntu Pune family. The higher the stone, the greater the status of the deceased.
Similar grave sites and a menhir yard are also found in Bori' Parinding on the northern side of Rantepao.
Two native Torajans were busy carving rock with iron chisels to create a grave for someone who had died recently.
""It belongs to the member of a noble, wealthy family. It has taken almost two years to complete the grave. We charge Rp 12 million for each grave,"" one of the craftsmen told the Post.
Eli Bernard of the Tana Toraja Tourism Agency explained that the family would fill the grave with jewelry, gold and other personal belongings to enable the dead to enjoy the same amenities they had during life.
""Torajans believe that dead people still need those precious belongings to enjoy their journey in the after life,"" he said.
Kete' Kesu, a similar site but more extensive, is located at the southeastern side of Rantepao. Here, all aspects of Torajan ceremonies and daily life, including architecture, bamboo forests, traditional rice fields and burials, can be found.
Two other traditional housings compounds are found in Pallawa and Rante Kande Api. Pallawa, which is one of the oldest original traditional housing sites in the area, consists of Tangkonan and 14 rice storage barns located in front of the traditional houses, which all face north, the place where heaven, according to Torajan folklore, is located.
There are seven traditional houses at the site of Rante Kande Api. The traditional houses are constructed with wooden components full of ornaments. There are also 10 rice storage barns at the site.
All of the traditional complexes have beautiful, picture-postcard views.
There are many more fascinating places in Toraja, including the baby cemetery in Sangalla, the traditional houses in Marante, the King of Suaya grave in Suaya and the megaliths of Batutumongga.
As Situru said, the beauty and extant cultural heritage are internationally recognized. Since 2001, UNESCO has nominated Tana Toraja as a designated cultural heritage site, to join the ranks of Borobudur temple in Central Java and the Great Wall of China.
Minister of Culture and Tourism Jero Wacik said that Toraja held a good chance of winning the designation -- which would make it more attractive to foreign visitors.
""However, it depends on us to preserve and take care of the heritage if we want UNESCO to soon announce Tana Toraja as a world cultural heritage site. We have to work hard to meet UNESCO's requirements and thus convince them that the land is worthy of the award,"" he said recently in Jakarta.
Despite its venerated beauty and recognition, the number of visitors to Tana Toraja has shown a sharp downturn in recent years. In 2001, about 72,000 tourists came to the area, but the number plummeted to 43,000 in 2003. As of September 2004, the number of visitors for the year was only 20,000.
Situru complained that the decreasing trend was partly caused by the discontinuation of the flight from Makassar to Toraja.
""The long overland journey makes many tourists reluctant to come. All local and international tourists said to me that Toraja has among the most unique and beautiful attractions in the world, but it is useless because of the long and tiring journey. A tourist once told me that he needed to visit Toraja only once because of the tiring journey.""
He hoped the government would renovate Pongtiku Airport to enable larger aircraft to land in Toraja, and shorten the journey to the area.


by Abdul Khalik, The Jakarta Post, Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi

The rainy season comes early in Tana Toraja, but it does not dampen the generous beauty of the mountain panoramas, or its exotic culture, blessed with traditional burial sites and architecture.
The face of Tana Toraja regent JA Situru beamed with hope as he explained the area's attractions for both domestic and foreign tourists compared to other parts of the country.
""Tana Toraja has all of the potential to become a global tourist destination because of its unique culture and sites. The international community has recognized our sites from many years ago,"" Situru told The Jakarta Post.
It was not the empty exaggeration of an official selling his area; tourism sites abound in this area nestled in the mountains of South Sulawesi, from burial places carved out of cliffs and rocky crags, traditional houses, megalithic tombs and fantastic mountain views.
Although there are hundreds of potential tourism sites in Tana Toraja, only about 30 tourism sites are accessible to tourists because of infrastructure and transportation problems.
The Toraja Festival, a cultural celebration on Dec. 28-Dec. 29, is expected to help bring attention to the unique culture and customs.
Getting around Toraja is not difficult as there are plenty of tour operators. But getting there is not so easy; visitors have no option but to take overland transportation from Makassar as flights from the provincial capital were closed in 2001 due to the decreasing numbers of passengers and high operational costs.
But that long overland drive, taking about seven to eight hours, offers spectacular views of mountains, steep terraced slopes and tall bamboo forests along the way.
Upon first entering Tana Toraja, visitors pass through Makale, the regency capital. There are several hotels and motels here if tourists prefer to stay in the administrative and commercial hub.
Those wishing to be closer to the sites should head 15 kilometers north to Rantepao, the cultural center of Tana Toraja.
There are two four-star hotels in Rantepao: Marante Hotel provides excellent services in traditional building, fantastic views and swimming pool located along the main road, while the remoter Toraja Heritage Hotel has views of mountains and rice fields.
Many other hotels of three and two stars and motels are easily located around Rantepao.
On the way from Makale to Rantepao, there is Lemo, one of the most popular traditional graveyards in the area. Here is a balcony full of local wooden or bamboo statues called tau-tau, mixed up together in the steep coral stone museum in the open air. Most of the graves are hundreds of years old.
Halfway on the trip to Rantepao, Londa, another famous grave site, is found. Here, visitors are greeted by a wide balcony filled with tau-tau at the entrance to the cave. Ancient as well as more recent graves are inside a long, big cave in the side of a mountain.
It is divided into three parts: Laymen and common people are buried on the lowest level of the mountain while middle-class people are buried on the second. The top part of the mountain, accessed by climbing up bamboo ladders, is reserved for nobles.
Visitors need to rent a strong flashlight or a kerosene lamp to venture inside the cave, where coffins, bones and skulls are scattered. Many locals provide the service at the entrance of the cave for Rp 10,000 (a little over US$1).
Moving north, two different but culturally connected sites are found in Buntu Pune and Karassik. Buntu Pune is a traditional village consisting of Tongkonan, the Torajan traditional house, and several rice storage barns of a similar size and shape of the houses.
About two kilometers away in Karassik is a yard filled with menhir (megalithic stones) to commemorate the dead members of Buntu Pune family. The higher the stone, the greater the status of the deceased.
Similar grave sites and a menhir yard are also found in Bori' Parinding on the northern side of Rantepao.
Two native Torajans were busy carving rock with iron chisels to create a grave for someone who had died recently.
""It belongs to the member of a noble, wealthy family. It has taken almost two years to complete the grave. We charge Rp 12 million for each grave,"" one of the craftsmen told the Post.
Eli Bernard of the Tana Toraja Tourism Agency explained that the family would fill the grave with jewelry, gold and other personal belongings to enable the dead to enjoy the same amenities they had during life.
""Torajans believe that dead people still need those precious belongings to enjoy their journey in the after life,"" he said.
Kete' Kesu, a similar site but more extensive, is located at the southeastern side of Rantepao. Here, all aspects of Torajan ceremonies and daily life, including architecture, bamboo forests, traditional rice fields and burials, can be found.
Two other traditional housings compounds are found in Pallawa and Rante Kande Api. Pallawa, which is one of the oldest original traditional housing sites in the area, consists of Tangkonan and 14 rice storage barns located in front of the traditional houses, which all face north, the place where heaven, according to Torajan folklore, is located.
There are seven traditional houses at the site of Rante Kande Api. The traditional houses are constructed with wooden components full of ornaments. There are also 10 rice storage barns at the site.
All of the traditional complexes have beautiful, picture-postcard views.
There are many more fascinating places in Toraja, including the baby cemetery in Sangalla, the traditional houses in Marante, the King of Suaya grave in Suaya and the megaliths of Batutumongga.
As Situru said, the beauty and extant cultural heritage are internationally recognized. Since 2001, UNESCO has nominated Tana Toraja as a designated cultural heritage site, to join the ranks of Borobudur temple in Central Java and the Great Wall of China.
Minister of Culture and Tourism Jero Wacik said that Toraja held a good chance of winning the designation -- which would make it more attractive to foreign visitors.
""However, it depends on us to preserve and take care of the heritage if we want UNESCO to soon announce Tana Toraja as a world cultural heritage site. We have to work hard to meet UNESCO's requirements and thus convince them that the land is worthy of the award,"" he said recently in Jakarta.
Despite its venerated beauty and recognition, the number of visitors to Tana Toraja has shown a sharp downturn in recent years. In 2001, about 72,000 tourists came to the area, but the number plummeted to 43,000 in 2003. As of September 2004, the number of visitors for the year was only 20,000.
Situru complained that the decreasing trend was partly caused by the discontinuation of the flight from Makassar to Toraja.
""The long overland journey makes many tourists reluctant to come. All local and international tourists said to me that Toraja has among the most unique and beautiful attractions in the world, but it is useless because of the long and tiring journey. A tourist once told me that he needed to visit Toraja only once because of the tiring journey.""
He hoped the government would renovate Pongtiku Airport to enable larger aircraft to land in Toraja, and shorten the journey to the area.


Read More...... by Abdul Khalik, The Jakarta Post, Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi

The rainy season comes early in Tana Toraja, but it does not dampen the generous beauty of the mountain panoramas, or its exotic culture, blessed with traditional burial sites and architecture.
The face of Tana Toraja regent JA Situru beamed with hope as he explained the area's attractions for both domestic and foreign tourists compared to other parts of the country.
""Tana Toraja has all of the potential to become a global tourist destination because of its unique culture and sites. The international community has recognized our sites from many years ago,"" Situru told The Jakarta Post.
It was not the empty exaggeration of an official selling his area; tourism sites abound in this area nestled in the mountains of South Sulawesi, from burial places carved out of cliffs and rocky crags, traditional houses, megalithic tombs and fantastic mountain views.
Although there are hundreds of potential tourism sites in Tana Toraja, only about 30 tourism sites are accessible to tourists because of infrastructure and transportation problems.
The Toraja Festival, a cultural celebration on Dec. 28-Dec. 29, is expected to help bring attention to the unique culture and customs.
Getting around Toraja is not difficult as there are plenty of tour operators. But getting there is not so easy; visitors have no option but to take overland transportation from Makassar as flights from the provincial capital were closed in 2001 due to the decreasing numbers of passengers and high operational costs.
But that long overland drive, taking about seven to eight hours, offers spectacular views of mountains, steep terraced slopes and tall bamboo forests along the way.
Upon first entering Tana Toraja, visitors pass through Makale, the regency capital. There are several hotels and motels here if tourists prefer to stay in the administrative and commercial hub.
Those wishing to be closer to the sites should head 15 kilometers north to Rantepao, the cultural center of Tana Toraja.
There are two four-star hotels in Rantepao: Marante Hotel provides excellent services in traditional building, fantastic views and swimming pool located along the main road, while the remoter Toraja Heritage Hotel has views of mountains and rice fields.
Many other hotels of three and two stars and motels are easily located around Rantepao.
On the way from Makale to Rantepao, there is Lemo, one of the most popular traditional graveyards in the area. Here is a balcony full of local wooden or bamboo statues called tau-tau, mixed up together in the steep coral stone museum in the open air. Most of the graves are hundreds of years old.
Halfway on the trip to Rantepao, Londa, another famous grave site, is found. Here, visitors are greeted by a wide balcony filled with tau-tau at the entrance to the cave. Ancient as well as more recent graves are inside a long, big cave in the side of a mountain.
It is divided into three parts: Laymen and common people are buried on the lowest level of the mountain while middle-class people are buried on the second. The top part of the mountain, accessed by climbing up bamboo ladders, is reserved for nobles.
Visitors need to rent a strong flashlight or a kerosene lamp to venture inside the cave, where coffins, bones and skulls are scattered. Many locals provide the service at the entrance of the cave for Rp 10,000 (a little over US$1).
Moving north, two different but culturally connected sites are found in Buntu Pune and Karassik. Buntu Pune is a traditional village consisting of Tongkonan, the Torajan traditional house, and several rice storage barns of a similar size and shape of the houses.
About two kilometers away in Karassik is a yard filled with menhir (megalithic stones) to commemorate the dead members of Buntu Pune family. The higher the stone, the greater the status of the deceased.
Similar grave sites and a menhir yard are also found in Bori' Parinding on the northern side of Rantepao.
Two native Torajans were busy carving rock with iron chisels to create a grave for someone who had died recently.
""It belongs to the member of a noble, wealthy family. It has taken almost two years to complete the grave. We charge Rp 12 million for each grave,"" one of the craftsmen told the Post.
Eli Bernard of the Tana Toraja Tourism Agency explained that the family would fill the grave with jewelry, gold and other personal belongings to enable the dead to enjoy the same amenities they had during life.
""Torajans believe that dead people still need those precious belongings to enjoy their journey in the after life,"" he said.
Kete' Kesu, a similar site but more extensive, is located at the southeastern side of Rantepao. Here, all aspects of Torajan ceremonies and daily life, including architecture, bamboo forests, traditional rice fields and burials, can be found.
Two other traditional housings compounds are found in Pallawa and Rante Kande Api. Pallawa, which is one of the oldest original traditional housing sites in the area, consists of Tangkonan and 14 rice storage barns located in front of the traditional houses, which all face north, the place where heaven, according to Torajan folklore, is located.
There are seven traditional houses at the site of Rante Kande Api. The traditional houses are constructed with wooden components full of ornaments. There are also 10 rice storage barns at the site.
All of the traditional complexes have beautiful, picture-postcard views.
There are many more fascinating places in Toraja, including the baby cemetery in Sangalla, the traditional houses in Marante, the King of Suaya grave in Suaya and the megaliths of Batutumongga.
As Situru said, the beauty and extant cultural heritage are internationally recognized. Since 2001, UNESCO has nominated Tana Toraja as a designated cultural heritage site, to join the ranks of Borobudur temple in Central Java and the Great Wall of China.
Minister of Culture and Tourism Jero Wacik said that Toraja held a good chance of winning the designation -- which would make it more attractive to foreign visitors.
""However, it depends on us to preserve and take care of the heritage if we want UNESCO to soon announce Tana Toraja as a world cultural heritage site. We have to work hard to meet UNESCO's requirements and thus convince them that the land is worthy of the award,"" he said recently in Jakarta.
Despite its venerated beauty and recognition, the number of visitors to Tana Toraja has shown a sharp downturn in recent years. In 2001, about 72,000 tourists came to the area, but the number plummeted to 43,000 in 2003. As of September 2004, the number of visitors for the year was only 20,000.
Situru complained that the decreasing trend was partly caused by the discontinuation of the flight from Makassar to Toraja.
""The long overland journey makes many tourists reluctant to come. All local and international tourists said to me that Toraja has among the most unique and beautiful attractions in the world, but it is useless because of the long and tiring journey. A tourist once told me that he needed to visit Toraja only once because of the tiring journey.""
He hoped the government would renovate Pongtiku Airport to enable larger aircraft to land in Toraja, and shorten the journey to the area.


Rabu, 16 Juli 2008

Tana Toraja out to win UNESCO award, and visitors

by Abdul Khalik, The Jakarta Post, Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi

The rainy season comes early in Tana Toraja, but it does not dampen the generous beauty of the mountain panoramas, or its exotic culture, blessed with traditional burial sites and architecture.
The face of Tana Toraja regent JA Situru beamed with hope as he explained the area's attractions for both domestic and foreign tourists compared to other parts of the country.
""Tana Toraja has all of the potential to become a global tourist destination because of its unique culture and sites. The international community has recognized our sites from many years ago,"" Situru told The Jakarta Post.
It was not the empty exaggeration of an official selling his area; tourism sites abound in this area nestled in the mountains of South Sulawesi, from burial places carved out of cliffs and rocky crags, traditional houses, megalithic tombs and fantastic mountain views.
Although there are hundreds of potential tourism sites in Tana Toraja, only about 30 tourism sites are accessible to tourists because of infrastructure and transportation problems.
The Toraja Festival, a cultural celebration on Dec. 28-Dec. 29, is expected to help bring attention to the unique culture and customs.
Getting around Toraja is not difficult as there are plenty of tour operators. But getting there is not so easy; visitors have no option but to take overland transportation from Makassar as flights from the provincial capital were closed in 2001 due to the decreasing numbers of passengers and high operational costs.
But that long overland drive, taking about seven to eight hours, offers spectacular views of mountains, steep terraced slopes and tall bamboo forests along the way.
Upon first entering Tana Toraja, visitors pass through Makale, the regency capital. There are several hotels and motels here if tourists prefer to stay in the administrative and commercial hub.
Those wishing to be closer to the sites should head 15 kilometers north to Rantepao, the cultural center of Tana Toraja.
There are two four-star hotels in Rantepao: Marante Hotel provides excellent services in traditional building, fantastic views and swimming pool located along the main road, while the remoter Toraja Heritage Hotel has views of mountains and rice fields.
Many other hotels of three and two stars and motels are easily located around Rantepao.
On the way from Makale to Rantepao, there is Lemo, one of the most popular traditional graveyards in the area. Here is a balcony full of local wooden or bamboo statues called tau-tau, mixed up together in the steep coral stone museum in the open air. Most of the graves are hundreds of years old.
Halfway on the trip to Rantepao, Londa, another famous grave site, is found. Here, visitors are greeted by a wide balcony filled with tau-tau at the entrance to the cave. Ancient as well as more recent graves are inside a long, big cave in the side of a mountain.
It is divided into three parts: Laymen and common people are buried on the lowest level of the mountain while middle-class people are buried on the second. The top part of the mountain, accessed by climbing up bamboo ladders, is reserved for nobles.
Visitors need to rent a strong flashlight or a kerosene lamp to venture inside the cave, where coffins, bones and skulls are scattered. Many locals provide the service at the entrance of the cave for Rp 10,000 (a little over US$1).
Moving north, two different but culturally connected sites are found in Buntu Pune and Karassik. Buntu Pune is a traditional village consisting of Tongkonan, the Torajan traditional house, and several rice storage barns of a similar size and shape of the houses.
About two kilometers away in Karassik is a yard filled with menhir (megalithic stones) to commemorate the dead members of Buntu Pune family. The higher the stone, the greater the status of the deceased.
Similar grave sites and a menhir yard are also found in Bori' Parinding on the northern side of Rantepao.
Two native Torajans were busy carving rock with iron chisels to create a grave for someone who had died recently.
""It belongs to the member of a noble, wealthy family. It has taken almost two years to complete the grave. We charge Rp 12 million for each grave,"" one of the craftsmen told the Post.
Eli Bernard of the Tana Toraja Tourism Agency explained that the family would fill the grave with jewelry, gold and other personal belongings to enable the dead to enjoy the same amenities they had during life.
""Torajans believe that dead people still need those precious belongings to enjoy their journey in the after life,"" he said.
Kete' Kesu, a similar site but more extensive, is located at the southeastern side of Rantepao. Here, all aspects of Torajan ceremonies and daily life, including architecture, bamboo forests, traditional rice fields and burials, can be found.
Two other traditional housings compounds are found in Pallawa and Rante Kande Api. Pallawa, which is one of the oldest original traditional housing sites in the area, consists of Tangkonan and 14 rice storage barns located in front of the traditional houses, which all face north, the place where heaven, according to Torajan folklore, is located.
There are seven traditional houses at the site of Rante Kande Api. The traditional houses are constructed with wooden components full of ornaments. There are also 10 rice storage barns at the site.
All of the traditional complexes have beautiful, picture-postcard views.
There are many more fascinating places in Toraja, including the baby cemetery in Sangalla, the traditional houses in Marante, the King of Suaya grave in Suaya and the megaliths of Batutumongga.
As Situru said, the beauty and extant cultural heritage are internationally recognized. Since 2001, UNESCO has nominated Tana Toraja as a designated cultural heritage site, to join the ranks of Borobudur temple in Central Java and the Great Wall of China.
Minister of Culture and Tourism Jero Wacik said that Toraja held a good chance of winning the designation -- which would make it more attractive to foreign visitors.
""However, it depends on us to preserve and take care of the heritage if we want UNESCO to soon announce Tana Toraja as a world cultural heritage site. We have to work hard to meet UNESCO's requirements and thus convince them that the land is worthy of the award,"" he said recently in Jakarta.
Despite its venerated beauty and recognition, the number of visitors to Tana Toraja has shown a sharp downturn in recent years. In 2001, about 72,000 tourists came to the area, but the number plummeted to 43,000 in 2003. As of September 2004, the number of visitors for the year was only 20,000.
Situru complained that the decreasing trend was partly caused by the discontinuation of the flight from Makassar to Toraja.
""The long overland journey makes many tourists reluctant to come. All local and international tourists said to me that Toraja has among the most unique and beautiful attractions in the world, but it is useless because of the long and tiring journey. A tourist once told me that he needed to visit Toraja only once because of the tiring journey.""
He hoped the government would renovate Pongtiku Airport to enable larger aircraft to land in Toraja, and shorten the journey to the area.



Read More...... by Abdul Khalik, The Jakarta Post, Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi

The rainy season comes early in Tana Toraja, but it does not dampen the generous beauty of the mountain panoramas, or its exotic culture, blessed with traditional burial sites and architecture.
The face of Tana Toraja regent JA Situru beamed with hope as he explained the area's attractions for both domestic and foreign tourists compared to other parts of the country.
""Tana Toraja has all of the potential to become a global tourist destination because of its unique culture and sites. The international community has recognized our sites from many years ago,"" Situru told The Jakarta Post.
It was not the empty exaggeration of an official selling his area; tourism sites abound in this area nestled in the mountains of South Sulawesi, from burial places carved out of cliffs and rocky crags, traditional houses, megalithic tombs and fantastic mountain views.
Although there are hundreds of potential tourism sites in Tana Toraja, only about 30 tourism sites are accessible to tourists because of infrastructure and transportation problems.
The Toraja Festival, a cultural celebration on Dec. 28-Dec. 29, is expected to help bring attention to the unique culture and customs.
Getting around Toraja is not difficult as there are plenty of tour operators. But getting there is not so easy; visitors have no option but to take overland transportation from Makassar as flights from the provincial capital were closed in 2001 due to the decreasing numbers of passengers and high operational costs.
But that long overland drive, taking about seven to eight hours, offers spectacular views of mountains, steep terraced slopes and tall bamboo forests along the way.
Upon first entering Tana Toraja, visitors pass through Makale, the regency capital. There are several hotels and motels here if tourists prefer to stay in the administrative and commercial hub.
Those wishing to be closer to the sites should head 15 kilometers north to Rantepao, the cultural center of Tana Toraja.
There are two four-star hotels in Rantepao: Marante Hotel provides excellent services in traditional building, fantastic views and swimming pool located along the main road, while the remoter Toraja Heritage Hotel has views of mountains and rice fields.
Many other hotels of three and two stars and motels are easily located around Rantepao.
On the way from Makale to Rantepao, there is Lemo, one of the most popular traditional graveyards in the area. Here is a balcony full of local wooden or bamboo statues called tau-tau, mixed up together in the steep coral stone museum in the open air. Most of the graves are hundreds of years old.
Halfway on the trip to Rantepao, Londa, another famous grave site, is found. Here, visitors are greeted by a wide balcony filled with tau-tau at the entrance to the cave. Ancient as well as more recent graves are inside a long, big cave in the side of a mountain.
It is divided into three parts: Laymen and common people are buried on the lowest level of the mountain while middle-class people are buried on the second. The top part of the mountain, accessed by climbing up bamboo ladders, is reserved for nobles.
Visitors need to rent a strong flashlight or a kerosene lamp to venture inside the cave, where coffins, bones and skulls are scattered. Many locals provide the service at the entrance of the cave for Rp 10,000 (a little over US$1).
Moving north, two different but culturally connected sites are found in Buntu Pune and Karassik. Buntu Pune is a traditional village consisting of Tongkonan, the Torajan traditional house, and several rice storage barns of a similar size and shape of the houses.
About two kilometers away in Karassik is a yard filled with menhir (megalithic stones) to commemorate the dead members of Buntu Pune family. The higher the stone, the greater the status of the deceased.
Similar grave sites and a menhir yard are also found in Bori' Parinding on the northern side of Rantepao.
Two native Torajans were busy carving rock with iron chisels to create a grave for someone who had died recently.
""It belongs to the member of a noble, wealthy family. It has taken almost two years to complete the grave. We charge Rp 12 million for each grave,"" one of the craftsmen told the Post.
Eli Bernard of the Tana Toraja Tourism Agency explained that the family would fill the grave with jewelry, gold and other personal belongings to enable the dead to enjoy the same amenities they had during life.
""Torajans believe that dead people still need those precious belongings to enjoy their journey in the after life,"" he said.
Kete' Kesu, a similar site but more extensive, is located at the southeastern side of Rantepao. Here, all aspects of Torajan ceremonies and daily life, including architecture, bamboo forests, traditional rice fields and burials, can be found.
Two other traditional housings compounds are found in Pallawa and Rante Kande Api. Pallawa, which is one of the oldest original traditional housing sites in the area, consists of Tangkonan and 14 rice storage barns located in front of the traditional houses, which all face north, the place where heaven, according to Torajan folklore, is located.
There are seven traditional houses at the site of Rante Kande Api. The traditional houses are constructed with wooden components full of ornaments. There are also 10 rice storage barns at the site.
All of the traditional complexes have beautiful, picture-postcard views.
There are many more fascinating places in Toraja, including the baby cemetery in Sangalla, the traditional houses in Marante, the King of Suaya grave in Suaya and the megaliths of Batutumongga.
As Situru said, the beauty and extant cultural heritage are internationally recognized. Since 2001, UNESCO has nominated Tana Toraja as a designated cultural heritage site, to join the ranks of Borobudur temple in Central Java and the Great Wall of China.
Minister of Culture and Tourism Jero Wacik said that Toraja held a good chance of winning the designation -- which would make it more attractive to foreign visitors.
""However, it depends on us to preserve and take care of the heritage if we want UNESCO to soon announce Tana Toraja as a world cultural heritage site. We have to work hard to meet UNESCO's requirements and thus convince them that the land is worthy of the award,"" he said recently in Jakarta.
Despite its venerated beauty and recognition, the number of visitors to Tana Toraja has shown a sharp downturn in recent years. In 2001, about 72,000 tourists came to the area, but the number plummeted to 43,000 in 2003. As of September 2004, the number of visitors for the year was only 20,000.
Situru complained that the decreasing trend was partly caused by the discontinuation of the flight from Makassar to Toraja.
""The long overland journey makes many tourists reluctant to come. All local and international tourists said to me that Toraja has among the most unique and beautiful attractions in the world, but it is useless because of the long and tiring journey. A tourist once told me that he needed to visit Toraja only once because of the tiring journey.""
He hoped the government would renovate Pongtiku Airport to enable larger aircraft to land in Toraja, and shorten the journey to the area.



Selasa, 15 Juli 2008

Skulls and sacrifice in South Sulawesi

by Jennifer Bennett, The Jakarta Post

Let's get this out of the way first: Tana Toraja is not a suitable holiday destination for any of the following: committed vegetarians, animal rights activists, or anyone with a pressing sense of their own mortality.
But if you like your meat, don't get squeamish at the sight of trussed-up pigs on their way to slaughter, and have no problems with a few skeletons, then the green hills of South Sulawesi are for you.
The elegant tongkonan houses that sit like boats on a green sea play a central role in Torajan culture. They can neither be bought nor sold (although apparently they can be dismantled and sold in pieces to those wanting to take home a souvenir.
Newly carved and painted house panels can be found for around Rp 50,000 all over the place, but for an authentic piece of Toraja, keep an eye out for sales of old houses, with weathered panels going for around Rp 200,000) and generally last for a century or two.
Their peaked roofs represent the boats the Torajans believe their ancestors sailed up the river when they arrived, but they also bring to mind the buffaloes that are so important to the local economy and culture.
The houses are covered in carvings representing social status and the local belief system, while a family's importance can also be measured by the number of buffalo horns hanging from the front of the house. The more horns, the more funerals.
The Torajans are obsessed with death, but in a cheerful way. The most important thing in a Torajan's life is saving enough money and having enough children to ensure their funeral is the best party in town.
Tourists are welcome at Torajan funerals -- you're just another guest, although don't wear black unless you're a close member of the family, and avoid the color red. Provided you visit at the right time of year -- from June to October -- you should have little problem finding a funeral to attend.
Funerals are often held years after death, the body having spent the intervening time lying in state beneath the family home. The family uses the time to save for the big day, which will be a huge affair, involving hundreds of guests who will bring dozens of buffalo and pigs, all destined to be slaughtered and eaten that afternoon.
Most Torajans are Christians, converted by Dutch missionaries early last century. Before that the dominant faith was a form of animism, remnants of which can still be seen in the funerals and graves, and which is still practiced by a small group of people.
White churches dot the countryside, along with house graves, graves cut into boulders and hanging graves complete with effigies of the dead.
Torajans are rarely buried in the ground. Instead, they are placed in hanging graves, where coffins have been suspended high in the air on the side of a cliff, as well as deep tombs cut into the rock and natural cave graves. Displayed along with them are effigies of the dead, known as tau tau.
The cave grave of Tampangallo, accessible along a path through quiet rice paddies, is probably the best and most easily accessible of its type. The tau tau are gathered in low balconies looking down on their slowly rotting coffins and the bleached bones of the dead.
But rather than being spooky, the atmosphere is more that of a going-away party, with the dead about to board their boats to the afterlife.
The cliff graves of Lemo and Londa are surrounded by rice fields of such a bright green that during the day the color is almost blinding. Buffalo wallow in mud pools while small children hunt for tiny fish as their parents check the crops and pick vegetables. At Londa, coffins are suspended from rocky overhangs, while at Lemo, the dead look out over the fields.
But the smallest of the Torajan graves are also the most touching. ""Baby Trees"" are the resting places of children who died before they started teething. While only those who follow the traditional religion still use them, they are looked after by all Torajans and are regarded as an important part of the old ways.
Once a child dies, the mother must bring it to the tree, in which she will cut a hole and place the child inside. As the tree heals itself it absorbs the body of the child. Many trees have been used for decades, and it is possible to see the small scars that indicate a long-ago grave.
Most of Toraja's main sights are within a half-hour drive from the town of Rantepao, which has a wide range of hotels, most of which have hot water, something of a necessity this high up, as the nights can be chilly. Few hotels have air conditioning, and it's not really needed.
We stayed at the Wisma Monton (twin room with bathroom Rp 125,000 a night, including breakfast, Jl. Abdul Gani 14A, ph. 062 423 21675), which has fantastic views looking out over the surrounding mountains and a quiet rooftop restaurant.
As mentioned earlier, Toraja is not the best place for vegetarians. Buffalo satay is a common dish, and most menus feature a wide range of Indonesian foods with a few western standards thrown in. Traditional bamboo-cooked dishes (pork, carp or chicken with steamed vegetables) are also available at most restaurants, although they need to be ordered two and half hours in advance.
Also worth trying are the local carp, which are raised in ponds in the middle of rice paddies. Restoran Mambu and Mart's Caf (both on Jl. Sam Ratulangi) have almost identical menus and serve cold beer.
While there is public transport in the form of bemo, hiring a driver (Rp 400,000 - Rp 500,000 a day, including petrol and lunch for the driver) is a good idea, as you'll save a lot of time and many of the roads are in poor condition. Most funerals are held at people's homes, so public transportation may only take you to the bottom of a very steep, very rocky hill.
A guide (Rp 200,000 a day) is also indispensable, as they will be able to plan a decent itinerary for you, explain the history and often confusing culture, and are your best way to see a funeral.
It is possible to arrange all of this on arrival at Makassar airport, where you will be instantly pounced upon by what seems like every tour operator in the area. Our advice: sit down at one of the cafes at the airport, have a coffee, and then go speak to the people who didn't bother you.
We ended up dealing with the nice people at Petro Tours, who arranged tickets on the air-conditioned executive bus to Toraja (Rp 70,000 -- includes more leg room than some business-class flights and will drop you at your hotel), a driver for two days, entry fees to cultural sites and funerals (most sites charge about Rp 10,000 each).
While there is no charge for attending a funeral, guests should bring a present -- usually, it must be said, a carton of cigarettes. Our guide, the fantastic Yoseph Nasaret (0813 423 97528), who cannot be recommended highly enough.
After two days of funerals and graves, graves, graves, he took us on a seven-kilometer walk through rice paddies and villages, pausing for a fantastic lunch at a restaurant overlooking the valley. He has an in-depth knowledge of the area and its history and speaks excellent English.
Visitors to Toraja should also bring presents for the children you'll meet in the countryside. Sweets are to be avoided but brightly colored markers go down very well with the under-12 population.



Read More...... by Jennifer Bennett, The Jakarta Post

Let's get this out of the way first: Tana Toraja is not a suitable holiday destination for any of the following: committed vegetarians, animal rights activists, or anyone with a pressing sense of their own mortality.
But if you like your meat, don't get squeamish at the sight of trussed-up pigs on their way to slaughter, and have no problems with a few skeletons, then the green hills of South Sulawesi are for you.
The elegant tongkonan houses that sit like boats on a green sea play a central role in Torajan culture. They can neither be bought nor sold (although apparently they can be dismantled and sold in pieces to those wanting to take home a souvenir.
Newly carved and painted house panels can be found for around Rp 50,000 all over the place, but for an authentic piece of Toraja, keep an eye out for sales of old houses, with weathered panels going for around Rp 200,000) and generally last for a century or two.
Their peaked roofs represent the boats the Torajans believe their ancestors sailed up the river when they arrived, but they also bring to mind the buffaloes that are so important to the local economy and culture.
The houses are covered in carvings representing social status and the local belief system, while a family's importance can also be measured by the number of buffalo horns hanging from the front of the house. The more horns, the more funerals.
The Torajans are obsessed with death, but in a cheerful way. The most important thing in a Torajan's life is saving enough money and having enough children to ensure their funeral is the best party in town.
Tourists are welcome at Torajan funerals -- you're just another guest, although don't wear black unless you're a close member of the family, and avoid the color red. Provided you visit at the right time of year -- from June to October -- you should have little problem finding a funeral to attend.
Funerals are often held years after death, the body having spent the intervening time lying in state beneath the family home. The family uses the time to save for the big day, which will be a huge affair, involving hundreds of guests who will bring dozens of buffalo and pigs, all destined to be slaughtered and eaten that afternoon.
Most Torajans are Christians, converted by Dutch missionaries early last century. Before that the dominant faith was a form of animism, remnants of which can still be seen in the funerals and graves, and which is still practiced by a small group of people.
White churches dot the countryside, along with house graves, graves cut into boulders and hanging graves complete with effigies of the dead.
Torajans are rarely buried in the ground. Instead, they are placed in hanging graves, where coffins have been suspended high in the air on the side of a cliff, as well as deep tombs cut into the rock and natural cave graves. Displayed along with them are effigies of the dead, known as tau tau.
The cave grave of Tampangallo, accessible along a path through quiet rice paddies, is probably the best and most easily accessible of its type. The tau tau are gathered in low balconies looking down on their slowly rotting coffins and the bleached bones of the dead.
But rather than being spooky, the atmosphere is more that of a going-away party, with the dead about to board their boats to the afterlife.
The cliff graves of Lemo and Londa are surrounded by rice fields of such a bright green that during the day the color is almost blinding. Buffalo wallow in mud pools while small children hunt for tiny fish as their parents check the crops and pick vegetables. At Londa, coffins are suspended from rocky overhangs, while at Lemo, the dead look out over the fields.
But the smallest of the Torajan graves are also the most touching. ""Baby Trees"" are the resting places of children who died before they started teething. While only those who follow the traditional religion still use them, they are looked after by all Torajans and are regarded as an important part of the old ways.
Once a child dies, the mother must bring it to the tree, in which she will cut a hole and place the child inside. As the tree heals itself it absorbs the body of the child. Many trees have been used for decades, and it is possible to see the small scars that indicate a long-ago grave.
Most of Toraja's main sights are within a half-hour drive from the town of Rantepao, which has a wide range of hotels, most of which have hot water, something of a necessity this high up, as the nights can be chilly. Few hotels have air conditioning, and it's not really needed.
We stayed at the Wisma Monton (twin room with bathroom Rp 125,000 a night, including breakfast, Jl. Abdul Gani 14A, ph. 062 423 21675), which has fantastic views looking out over the surrounding mountains and a quiet rooftop restaurant.
As mentioned earlier, Toraja is not the best place for vegetarians. Buffalo satay is a common dish, and most menus feature a wide range of Indonesian foods with a few western standards thrown in. Traditional bamboo-cooked dishes (pork, carp or chicken with steamed vegetables) are also available at most restaurants, although they need to be ordered two and half hours in advance.
Also worth trying are the local carp, which are raised in ponds in the middle of rice paddies. Restoran Mambu and Mart's Caf (both on Jl. Sam Ratulangi) have almost identical menus and serve cold beer.
While there is public transport in the form of bemo, hiring a driver (Rp 400,000 - Rp 500,000 a day, including petrol and lunch for the driver) is a good idea, as you'll save a lot of time and many of the roads are in poor condition. Most funerals are held at people's homes, so public transportation may only take you to the bottom of a very steep, very rocky hill.
A guide (Rp 200,000 a day) is also indispensable, as they will be able to plan a decent itinerary for you, explain the history and often confusing culture, and are your best way to see a funeral.
It is possible to arrange all of this on arrival at Makassar airport, where you will be instantly pounced upon by what seems like every tour operator in the area. Our advice: sit down at one of the cafes at the airport, have a coffee, and then go speak to the people who didn't bother you.
We ended up dealing with the nice people at Petro Tours, who arranged tickets on the air-conditioned executive bus to Toraja (Rp 70,000 -- includes more leg room than some business-class flights and will drop you at your hotel), a driver for two days, entry fees to cultural sites and funerals (most sites charge about Rp 10,000 each).
While there is no charge for attending a funeral, guests should bring a present -- usually, it must be said, a carton of cigarettes. Our guide, the fantastic Yoseph Nasaret (0813 423 97528), who cannot be recommended highly enough.
After two days of funerals and graves, graves, graves, he took us on a seven-kilometer walk through rice paddies and villages, pausing for a fantastic lunch at a restaurant overlooking the valley. He has an in-depth knowledge of the area and its history and speaks excellent English.
Visitors to Toraja should also bring presents for the children you'll meet in the countryside. Sweets are to be avoided but brightly colored markers go down very well with the under-12 population.



Senin, 14 Juli 2008

Tana Toraja, a wonderful land of rituals

by The Jakarta Post , Jakarta

JAKARTA (JP): My husband and I had a hard time deciding where to spend our holiday in December. We had a long list of possible destinations but we thought most of the places were ""unsafe"" because the areas were prone to either social tension or natural disasters.
After a lengthy discussion, we eventually settled on Tana Toraja in South Sulawesi as the best choice. So off we went.
The choice, we soon realized, was a good one and in no way disappointing. The good omens started right when we landed in the provincial capital of Makassar. The nine-hour journey to Rantepao, Tana Toraja's main city, was smooth. There was no need to make bus reservation, as a friend of ours had suggested.
The bus service was excellent. The driver dropped us right at the homestay belonging to our friend Agustinus Lamba, even though it was located outside of Rantepao.
We later learned that the drivers of buses and vans in Rantepao were very generous and pleasant with their passengers. They will take you to your destination even if it is a bit far from the main road. They will even wait if you happen to have to fetch something from a friend's house along the way -- for free!
We arrived at the cool town early on a foggy morning. People in the street covered themselves with sarongs to protect themselves from the cold.
It was a great place. The homestay was surrounded by paddy fields and swamps. After 7 p.m. it was eerily quiet. In the morning, we woke up to the sounds of pigs, chickens and dogs.
We told Agustinus we wanted to see the famous Torajan rituals.
""Don't worry,"" Agustinus assured us, ""it's easy here to find such rituals because they are commonplace. I guarantee you won't miss them.""
Agustinus was right. Wherever we went we saw preparations for rituals of some sort.
Tana Toraja is indeed the land of rituals. It is not difficult to get information on cultural events. You can obtain such information from people in the street, at bus terminals and in the market. People also often know of planned rituals in other villages.
We were told of a ritual in the outlying village of Pangalla, a two-and-a-half-hour journey by minivan through rocky roads with beautiful hills and valleys on both sides.
""News about a ritual circulates in town because of the presence of villagers wanting to buy a large number of buffaloes and pigs for the ritual,"" Agustinus said.
The event at Pangalla was a thanksgiving party for the completion of the renovation of the tongkonan of a Tendeng clan. Tongkonan is a Torajan traditional house, which sits on stilts and has an elaborate bamboo roof.
The main part of the ceremony, which lasted the whole day, was the slaughter of 80 pigs. Their throats were slit one by one as the crowd looked on. Blood poured onto the ground and heaps of pork were scattered everywhere.
For first-time visitors, such a scene can be stomach-churning but for the locals there is nothing unusual about the killing spree. The pigs are turned into a delicacy called piong (pork cooked in bamboo and mixed with vegetables).
Funeral
The funeral ceremony is an important part of the Torajan tradition, and there were many of them in December. Again, the slaughter of animals is a main part of the ceremony.
I do not mean to say that many people died during our visit. According to tradition, Torajans are not immediately buried when they die. It can take months and even years for the deceased to be buried, because their relatives have to save money for the ceremony.
""Most of the ceremonies are held between June and December to coincide with the tourist season and school holidays,"" said our tour guide, Y. Palinggi.
The funeral ceremony can cost several hundred million or even billions of rupiah.
Palinggi said a grand ritual for the dead was important because according to traditional belief the ritual, called aluk to dolo, helps the souls of the deceased become deata (deified souls), meaning the offspring will be blessed. If there is no ritual the spirit will wander about and disturb its offspring.
While waiting for the ritual to be performed, the corpses are laid out in the tongkonan and treated like living human beings: offered food and drink and spoken to.
It took more than two years for the family of Erni from Tikalla, about five kilometers north of Rantepao, to be able to afford to bury her 70-year-old mother last December.
Thanks to the use of formalin, the corpse did not decompose. In the past, spices and magic spells were used to cope with the problem of decomposition.
For the two years Erni's mother waited to be buried, the corpse was guarded by a family member who served her food and other daily needs as offerings. The relative also talked to the corpse.
Funeral rituals can last as long as one week. The culmination of the ritual is the slaughter of buffalo. The number of buffalo slaughtered indicates the social and economic status of the family, thus people slaughter as many buffaloes as possible in a bid to show off their wealth.
In Balik, for instance, the family of 115-year-old Galla slaughtered 50 buffaloes, whereas according to local regulation a noble family like them must only slaughter 24 buffaloes for the ritual.
""I think the cost for this ritual was more than Rp 1 billion, because the price of one normal sized buffalo is over Rp 10 million. They also slaughtered special buffaloes (usually white ones with black spots) which cost almost Rp 50 million each,"" said Anis, one of Galla's grandsons.
But not all Torajans are as rich as the Gallas. Some people have been forced to sell their belongings for a lavish funeral ceremony.
Many ""modern"" Torajans no longer believe in this tradition, which has become the target of criticism from religious figures. A Catholic priest openly attacked the practice during Mass last Christmas Eve.
""I know it is a sensitive issue but as a priest I should say that holding a lavish party costing billions of rupiah is not in line with Christ's teachings .... The money can be used to help the poor,"" said the priest.
The majority of Torajans are Christian.
Agustinus said that such sermons were often given, but people did not listen. ""(Changing the attitude) is difficult because those (from the higher classes) who do not hold expensive rituals will be excluded from society,"" said Agustinus.
This is what happened to Yakobus Lamba, who did not hold a ceremony when his wife passed away in Palopo in 1988.
""I just buried her four days after she died. Her relatives wanted to bring her body to her hometown in Tondon to be buried following the rituals, but I was opposed to the idea because I had no money.
""Now villagers are reluctant to interact with me, but I don't care. For me it is better to use the money to finance my children's education,"" Yakobus said.



Read More...... by The Jakarta Post , Jakarta

JAKARTA (JP): My husband and I had a hard time deciding where to spend our holiday in December. We had a long list of possible destinations but we thought most of the places were ""unsafe"" because the areas were prone to either social tension or natural disasters.
After a lengthy discussion, we eventually settled on Tana Toraja in South Sulawesi as the best choice. So off we went.
The choice, we soon realized, was a good one and in no way disappointing. The good omens started right when we landed in the provincial capital of Makassar. The nine-hour journey to Rantepao, Tana Toraja's main city, was smooth. There was no need to make bus reservation, as a friend of ours had suggested.
The bus service was excellent. The driver dropped us right at the homestay belonging to our friend Agustinus Lamba, even though it was located outside of Rantepao.
We later learned that the drivers of buses and vans in Rantepao were very generous and pleasant with their passengers. They will take you to your destination even if it is a bit far from the main road. They will even wait if you happen to have to fetch something from a friend's house along the way -- for free!
We arrived at the cool town early on a foggy morning. People in the street covered themselves with sarongs to protect themselves from the cold.
It was a great place. The homestay was surrounded by paddy fields and swamps. After 7 p.m. it was eerily quiet. In the morning, we woke up to the sounds of pigs, chickens and dogs.
We told Agustinus we wanted to see the famous Torajan rituals.
""Don't worry,"" Agustinus assured us, ""it's easy here to find such rituals because they are commonplace. I guarantee you won't miss them.""
Agustinus was right. Wherever we went we saw preparations for rituals of some sort.
Tana Toraja is indeed the land of rituals. It is not difficult to get information on cultural events. You can obtain such information from people in the street, at bus terminals and in the market. People also often know of planned rituals in other villages.
We were told of a ritual in the outlying village of Pangalla, a two-and-a-half-hour journey by minivan through rocky roads with beautiful hills and valleys on both sides.
""News about a ritual circulates in town because of the presence of villagers wanting to buy a large number of buffaloes and pigs for the ritual,"" Agustinus said.
The event at Pangalla was a thanksgiving party for the completion of the renovation of the tongkonan of a Tendeng clan. Tongkonan is a Torajan traditional house, which sits on stilts and has an elaborate bamboo roof.
The main part of the ceremony, which lasted the whole day, was the slaughter of 80 pigs. Their throats were slit one by one as the crowd looked on. Blood poured onto the ground and heaps of pork were scattered everywhere.
For first-time visitors, such a scene can be stomach-churning but for the locals there is nothing unusual about the killing spree. The pigs are turned into a delicacy called piong (pork cooked in bamboo and mixed with vegetables).
Funeral
The funeral ceremony is an important part of the Torajan tradition, and there were many of them in December. Again, the slaughter of animals is a main part of the ceremony.
I do not mean to say that many people died during our visit. According to tradition, Torajans are not immediately buried when they die. It can take months and even years for the deceased to be buried, because their relatives have to save money for the ceremony.
""Most of the ceremonies are held between June and December to coincide with the tourist season and school holidays,"" said our tour guide, Y. Palinggi.
The funeral ceremony can cost several hundred million or even billions of rupiah.
Palinggi said a grand ritual for the dead was important because according to traditional belief the ritual, called aluk to dolo, helps the souls of the deceased become deata (deified souls), meaning the offspring will be blessed. If there is no ritual the spirit will wander about and disturb its offspring.
While waiting for the ritual to be performed, the corpses are laid out in the tongkonan and treated like living human beings: offered food and drink and spoken to.
It took more than two years for the family of Erni from Tikalla, about five kilometers north of Rantepao, to be able to afford to bury her 70-year-old mother last December.
Thanks to the use of formalin, the corpse did not decompose. In the past, spices and magic spells were used to cope with the problem of decomposition.
For the two years Erni's mother waited to be buried, the corpse was guarded by a family member who served her food and other daily needs as offerings. The relative also talked to the corpse.
Funeral rituals can last as long as one week. The culmination of the ritual is the slaughter of buffalo. The number of buffalo slaughtered indicates the social and economic status of the family, thus people slaughter as many buffaloes as possible in a bid to show off their wealth.
In Balik, for instance, the family of 115-year-old Galla slaughtered 50 buffaloes, whereas according to local regulation a noble family like them must only slaughter 24 buffaloes for the ritual.
""I think the cost for this ritual was more than Rp 1 billion, because the price of one normal sized buffalo is over Rp 10 million. They also slaughtered special buffaloes (usually white ones with black spots) which cost almost Rp 50 million each,"" said Anis, one of Galla's grandsons.
But not all Torajans are as rich as the Gallas. Some people have been forced to sell their belongings for a lavish funeral ceremony.
Many ""modern"" Torajans no longer believe in this tradition, which has become the target of criticism from religious figures. A Catholic priest openly attacked the practice during Mass last Christmas Eve.
""I know it is a sensitive issue but as a priest I should say that holding a lavish party costing billions of rupiah is not in line with Christ's teachings .... The money can be used to help the poor,"" said the priest.
The majority of Torajans are Christian.
Agustinus said that such sermons were often given, but people did not listen. ""(Changing the attitude) is difficult because those (from the higher classes) who do not hold expensive rituals will be excluded from society,"" said Agustinus.
This is what happened to Yakobus Lamba, who did not hold a ceremony when his wife passed away in Palopo in 1988.
""I just buried her four days after she died. Her relatives wanted to bring her body to her hometown in Tondon to be buried following the rituals, but I was opposed to the idea because I had no money.
""Now villagers are reluctant to interact with me, but I don't care. For me it is better to use the money to finance my children's education,"" Yakobus said.



Minggu, 13 Juli 2008

South Sulawesi: Entering Tana Toraja via the 'back door'

by The Jakarta Post

The straps of my backpack cut into my shoulders and my legs ached as I struggled up the last steep rise through the pine trees.

Ahead of me lay another two days of walking along 50 kilometers of mountain track, and I began to wonder if this was a good idea. As the ground levelled and a cooling breeze ran in, a heartening view opened in both directions.

Behind me the long green curve of the Mamasa Valley ran away to the west, and ahead, beyond an army of interlocking spurs and ridges, lay my destination: Tana Toraja.

*****

The highland fastness of Tana Toraja in Sulawesi is famed for its traditional culture. Most visitors arrive by bus or air from Makassar, the capital and main gateway of Sulawesi, but I had decided to slip in through the back door, a route that meant three days of hard walking through remote mountain villages.

From Makassar I travelled north by bus, following the coast road. The blue water of the Makassar Strait shone in the sunlight; inland, knobbly limestone hills rose from the plain.

In the town of Polewali I transferred to a passenger jeep. Soon I was peering out through the mist at high forested hills.

The journey from Polewali to Mamasa is less than 100 kilometers, but the road is a wild one, doubling back and forth up sheer hillsides and dipping into sodden valleys. It took more than five hours, and I reached Mamasa long after dark.

Mamasa town is the capital of the region of the same name, a bustling little place beside a shining river, hemmed in by green hills.

Mamasa is sometimes known as West Toraja, and it shares many characteristics with its famous neighbor across the mountains. There is beautiful upland scenery, a host of traditional villages, and some remarkable architecture.

But Mamasa has no air transport and the road from the coast is terrible. It is far more remote than Toraja, and almost untouched by tourism.

Reaching the summit

The next morning I took an ojek (motorcycle taxi) east along the valley. The mountain air was clear. Horses and buffalo grazed on the cropped pastures between the pine trees. The road deteriorated the further we went, and at the tiny hamlet of Pa'kassasan the driver left me. I shouldered my backpack and started walking.

The track wound gently though villages, some with beautiful traditional houses. The houses of Mamasa are known as banua sura, and are similar to the famed tongkonan of Toraja, decorated in blacks, reds and golds.

Beyond the last village the road began to climb steeply through the creaking forest. I sweated and my pack felt terribly heavy, but eventually I reached a tiny cluster of wooden houses called Pasapa.

The name means ""summit"" in the local language, and that's just what it was. I could see Mamasa far behind me, gray cloud now rolling in, and ahead was the road to Toraja.

After a cup of sweet, dark coffee in a little shack by the roadside I set out downhill through the forest to the hamlet of Timbaan where Ibu Maria, a kindly middle-aged lady, runs a simple homestay for passing trekkers.

Timbaan was a peaceful place at the head of a long valley. I sat outside the rickety wooden house resting my tired feet in the afternoon listening to the sounds of the village: children's voices, the crowing of roosters and the lowing of buffalo from the terraces below the road.

A century ago all the people of the Mamasa area followed their own ancestor-worshipping religion. The first Dutch missionaries did not reach the valley until the 1920s, but as in Toraja the majority are Christian now.

As well as a simple church, Timbaan had a tiny mosque with a rusted steel dome. But there was no electricity here, and no loudspeaker to amplify the muezzin's call to evening prayer in the purple light of dusk.

'It could have been Scotland'

In the morning I set out downhill. The highland landscape was surreally beautiful, wisps of damp cloud smoking off the hillsides and layers of thin mist clinging to the pine trees.

This was a strange place where tropical and alpine worlds met. I passed through hamlets with palms and banana trees, then entered tall stands of sweet-scented spruce.

At lunchtime, after crossing the Masuppu River and climbing steeply through rice terraces I reached the village of Ponding, the last in Mamasa district. I stopped to chat for a while with Dr Teddy, a charming young Jakarta native. He and another doctor run the little clinic that serves the valley.

I plodded onward uphill. The sun was shining brightly now and the water glittered in the rice fields. The road was in a terrible state, surfaced with jagged, football-sized boulders.

I was astonished that vehicles ever managed to pass this way, and I was happy to be on foot, not bouncing in the back of a jeep. Even so, I was glad when I reached the village of Paku where I stopped for the night in a family home.

Somewhere after Ponding I had crossed the invisible boundary from the new province of West Sulawesi, and I was now on the fringes of Tana Toraja.

Paku was another perfect mountain village, full of gentle sound, and after a simple dinner of rice and fried fish I fell asleep listening to the rain pattering on the tin roof.

It was uphill again in the morning through cool shade. An hour out of Paku I reached a pass where the track was a mess of yellow mud. Here I felt far from the tropics. There were no houses or rice terraces; only mist, pines and a cool breeze. It could have been Scotland.

Indonesia reappeared a couple of hours later as I shambled into the big village of Bittuang. Suddenly after three days walking along a rough track the road surface changed to asphalt, and soon I was sitting in a passenger jeep, racing through the hills towards the Torajan heartland.

Sheer cliffs, epic funerals

Tana Toraja needs little introduction. Sprawling over the mountainous hinterland of South Sulawesi, it stands out even in Indonesia's spectacular myriad of traditional cultures. Stunning scenery and tumbling rice terraces, villages of remarkable tongkonan houses, sheer cliff faces where mysterious effigies stare out from carved niches, and wild funerals when buffalo are sacrificed combine to make Tana Toraja one of the most fabled destinations in the archipelago.

Arriving on foot through seemingly endless mountains, it was easy for me to see why strong traditions had survived here, cut off from the outside world.

Apart from a brief and unhappy occupation by Bugis warriors from the coast in the 17th Century, Toraja remained utterly isolated until last century.

It was only in the early 1900s that the Dutch colonial authorities fought their way in and took control.

Enthusiastic Protestant missionaries arrived in 1913, but they met with scant success: Two decades later there were fewer than 2000 Torajan Christians, and even at Indonesian Independence the majority still clung to their traditional Aluk Todolo religion, a blend of animism and ancestor worship.

Now the majority in Toraja are Christian, but the new faith has accommodated many old ways. The dead are still buried in caves; effigies, known as tau tau, are still carved and placed in cliff face niches and, most importantly, epic funerals of bloody sacrifice are held every year in the dry months of July and August.

*****

After resting my blistered feet for a night in the busy little market town of Rantepao I hired a motorbike and set out to explore.

Some of the traditional sites around Toraja have been geared up for tourists. At the village of Ke'te Kesu there are souvenir stalls and a ticket booth, and likewise at the cave graves of Londa and Lemo.

But these are no mummified vestiges of a culture. Head out on the network of winding lanes that lead into the hills and you will find that almost every village has a rank of spectacular tongkonan houses.

The buildings are said to represent a boat, with an arched roofline and a high decorated prow and are often adorned with tall columns of buffalo horns, a symbol of status, and protection from evil spirits.

They are always aligned north-south, and are faced by a row of rice barns, carved and roofed in similar style.

I spent a night sleeping in a tongkonan in the cool air of Batu Tumonga, a tiny village high on a mountainside. The views were spectacular, and in the silent darkness the lights of Rantepao glittered far below and a yellow moon rose behind the hills.

In the morning I rode on, often losing my way among the rice fields and stopping in nameless hamlets to admire the buildings and chat with the friendly villagers.

I could have spent weeks exploring the area, but my time was running out. That evening I rode back to Rantepao, and left Toraja, heading back to Makassar the usual way -- by bus!

Getting there

The main gateway to South Sulawesi is the capital, Makassar. The city's Hasanuddin Airport is well served with links to destinations throughout Indonesia, and a few international flights. Makassar is also a major hub for sea transport.

Buses run regularly from Makassar to Tana Toraja (journey about eight hours) and there are several flights a week by small aircraft to the tiny Pongtiku Airport near Rantepao.

A few direct buses run between Mamasa and the capital, but it's usually easier to take a bus or passenger jeep to Polewali and transfer there. It's a long trip, taking about 12 hours.

The track between Mamasa and Bittuang is just about traversable by sturdy four-wheel-drive; a few battered passenger jeeps run intermittently along sections of the route.

However, the road is in an appalling condition, especially between Ponding and Paku. Traveling by vehicle would be no fun at all here -- it's best to walk and enjoy the scenery.

The Tana Toraja region has a good network of bemo (minibus) routes, and cars and motorbikes are available for hire in Rantepao, both with and without driver.

Accommodation There are a few guesthouses in Mamasa. Matana Lodge is the main hotel, but better rooms in a peaceful location are available at Guesthouse Gereja on the edge of town.

Along the trek from Mamasa to Bittuang there are a couple of organized homestays, such as Homestay Maria in Timbaan. These are simple affairs -- just a bed in a family home.

Villagers along the track are used to seeing trekkers and it is possible to stay with families in most villages. Expect to pay about Rp 50,000 per night, including dinner and breakfast.

Rantepao is the main center for accommodation in Tana Toraja and there is a wide range of hotels and guesthouses. Try the Wisma Maria 1 for cheap, clean rooms, or the nearby Hotel Indra for something a little more expensive.

There are simple guesthouses and a few upmarket hotels in many villages in the area.

Trekking

The route from Mamasa to Bittuang is very simple, and there is really no need for a guide or even a detailed map. Accommodation is available in the villages and simple supplies can be bought along the way.

If you'd rather not carry your own pack, though, guides, porters and horses can be arranged in both Mamasa town and in Rantepao. There are many other trekking routes in Mamasa and Toraja, some of them passing through remote areas. Guides are a good idea for these routes.


Read More...... by The Jakarta Post

The straps of my backpack cut into my shoulders and my legs ached as I struggled up the last steep rise through the pine trees.

Ahead of me lay another two days of walking along 50 kilometers of mountain track, and I began to wonder if this was a good idea. As the ground levelled and a cooling breeze ran in, a heartening view opened in both directions.

Behind me the long green curve of the Mamasa Valley ran away to the west, and ahead, beyond an army of interlocking spurs and ridges, lay my destination: Tana Toraja.

*****

The highland fastness of Tana Toraja in Sulawesi is famed for its traditional culture. Most visitors arrive by bus or air from Makassar, the capital and main gateway of Sulawesi, but I had decided to slip in through the back door, a route that meant three days of hard walking through remote mountain villages.

From Makassar I travelled north by bus, following the coast road. The blue water of the Makassar Strait shone in the sunlight; inland, knobbly limestone hills rose from the plain.

In the town of Polewali I transferred to a passenger jeep. Soon I was peering out through the mist at high forested hills.

The journey from Polewali to Mamasa is less than 100 kilometers, but the road is a wild one, doubling back and forth up sheer hillsides and dipping into sodden valleys. It took more than five hours, and I reached Mamasa long after dark.

Mamasa town is the capital of the region of the same name, a bustling little place beside a shining river, hemmed in by green hills.

Mamasa is sometimes known as West Toraja, and it shares many characteristics with its famous neighbor across the mountains. There is beautiful upland scenery, a host of traditional villages, and some remarkable architecture.

But Mamasa has no air transport and the road from the coast is terrible. It is far more remote than Toraja, and almost untouched by tourism.

Reaching the summit

The next morning I took an ojek (motorcycle taxi) east along the valley. The mountain air was clear. Horses and buffalo grazed on the cropped pastures between the pine trees. The road deteriorated the further we went, and at the tiny hamlet of Pa'kassasan the driver left me. I shouldered my backpack and started walking.

The track wound gently though villages, some with beautiful traditional houses. The houses of Mamasa are known as banua sura, and are similar to the famed tongkonan of Toraja, decorated in blacks, reds and golds.

Beyond the last village the road began to climb steeply through the creaking forest. I sweated and my pack felt terribly heavy, but eventually I reached a tiny cluster of wooden houses called Pasapa.

The name means ""summit"" in the local language, and that's just what it was. I could see Mamasa far behind me, gray cloud now rolling in, and ahead was the road to Toraja.

After a cup of sweet, dark coffee in a little shack by the roadside I set out downhill through the forest to the hamlet of Timbaan where Ibu Maria, a kindly middle-aged lady, runs a simple homestay for passing trekkers.

Timbaan was a peaceful place at the head of a long valley. I sat outside the rickety wooden house resting my tired feet in the afternoon listening to the sounds of the village: children's voices, the crowing of roosters and the lowing of buffalo from the terraces below the road.

A century ago all the people of the Mamasa area followed their own ancestor-worshipping religion. The first Dutch missionaries did not reach the valley until the 1920s, but as in Toraja the majority are Christian now.

As well as a simple church, Timbaan had a tiny mosque with a rusted steel dome. But there was no electricity here, and no loudspeaker to amplify the muezzin's call to evening prayer in the purple light of dusk.

'It could have been Scotland'

In the morning I set out downhill. The highland landscape was surreally beautiful, wisps of damp cloud smoking off the hillsides and layers of thin mist clinging to the pine trees.

This was a strange place where tropical and alpine worlds met. I passed through hamlets with palms and banana trees, then entered tall stands of sweet-scented spruce.

At lunchtime, after crossing the Masuppu River and climbing steeply through rice terraces I reached the village of Ponding, the last in Mamasa district. I stopped to chat for a while with Dr Teddy, a charming young Jakarta native. He and another doctor run the little clinic that serves the valley.

I plodded onward uphill. The sun was shining brightly now and the water glittered in the rice fields. The road was in a terrible state, surfaced with jagged, football-sized boulders.

I was astonished that vehicles ever managed to pass this way, and I was happy to be on foot, not bouncing in the back of a jeep. Even so, I was glad when I reached the village of Paku where I stopped for the night in a family home.

Somewhere after Ponding I had crossed the invisible boundary from the new province of West Sulawesi, and I was now on the fringes of Tana Toraja.

Paku was another perfect mountain village, full of gentle sound, and after a simple dinner of rice and fried fish I fell asleep listening to the rain pattering on the tin roof.

It was uphill again in the morning through cool shade. An hour out of Paku I reached a pass where the track was a mess of yellow mud. Here I felt far from the tropics. There were no houses or rice terraces; only mist, pines and a cool breeze. It could have been Scotland.

Indonesia reappeared a couple of hours later as I shambled into the big village of Bittuang. Suddenly after three days walking along a rough track the road surface changed to asphalt, and soon I was sitting in a passenger jeep, racing through the hills towards the Torajan heartland.

Sheer cliffs, epic funerals

Tana Toraja needs little introduction. Sprawling over the mountainous hinterland of South Sulawesi, it stands out even in Indonesia's spectacular myriad of traditional cultures. Stunning scenery and tumbling rice terraces, villages of remarkable tongkonan houses, sheer cliff faces where mysterious effigies stare out from carved niches, and wild funerals when buffalo are sacrificed combine to make Tana Toraja one of the most fabled destinations in the archipelago.

Arriving on foot through seemingly endless mountains, it was easy for me to see why strong traditions had survived here, cut off from the outside world.

Apart from a brief and unhappy occupation by Bugis warriors from the coast in the 17th Century, Toraja remained utterly isolated until last century.

It was only in the early 1900s that the Dutch colonial authorities fought their way in and took control.

Enthusiastic Protestant missionaries arrived in 1913, but they met with scant success: Two decades later there were fewer than 2000 Torajan Christians, and even at Indonesian Independence the majority still clung to their traditional Aluk Todolo religion, a blend of animism and ancestor worship.

Now the majority in Toraja are Christian, but the new faith has accommodated many old ways. The dead are still buried in caves; effigies, known as tau tau, are still carved and placed in cliff face niches and, most importantly, epic funerals of bloody sacrifice are held every year in the dry months of July and August.

*****

After resting my blistered feet for a night in the busy little market town of Rantepao I hired a motorbike and set out to explore.

Some of the traditional sites around Toraja have been geared up for tourists. At the village of Ke'te Kesu there are souvenir stalls and a ticket booth, and likewise at the cave graves of Londa and Lemo.

But these are no mummified vestiges of a culture. Head out on the network of winding lanes that lead into the hills and you will find that almost every village has a rank of spectacular tongkonan houses.

The buildings are said to represent a boat, with an arched roofline and a high decorated prow and are often adorned with tall columns of buffalo horns, a symbol of status, and protection from evil spirits.

They are always aligned north-south, and are faced by a row of rice barns, carved and roofed in similar style.

I spent a night sleeping in a tongkonan in the cool air of Batu Tumonga, a tiny village high on a mountainside. The views were spectacular, and in the silent darkness the lights of Rantepao glittered far below and a yellow moon rose behind the hills.

In the morning I rode on, often losing my way among the rice fields and stopping in nameless hamlets to admire the buildings and chat with the friendly villagers.

I could have spent weeks exploring the area, but my time was running out. That evening I rode back to Rantepao, and left Toraja, heading back to Makassar the usual way -- by bus!

Getting there

The main gateway to South Sulawesi is the capital, Makassar. The city's Hasanuddin Airport is well served with links to destinations throughout Indonesia, and a few international flights. Makassar is also a major hub for sea transport.

Buses run regularly from Makassar to Tana Toraja (journey about eight hours) and there are several flights a week by small aircraft to the tiny Pongtiku Airport near Rantepao.

A few direct buses run between Mamasa and the capital, but it's usually easier to take a bus or passenger jeep to Polewali and transfer there. It's a long trip, taking about 12 hours.

The track between Mamasa and Bittuang is just about traversable by sturdy four-wheel-drive; a few battered passenger jeeps run intermittently along sections of the route.

However, the road is in an appalling condition, especially between Ponding and Paku. Traveling by vehicle would be no fun at all here -- it's best to walk and enjoy the scenery.

The Tana Toraja region has a good network of bemo (minibus) routes, and cars and motorbikes are available for hire in Rantepao, both with and without driver.

Accommodation There are a few guesthouses in Mamasa. Matana Lodge is the main hotel, but better rooms in a peaceful location are available at Guesthouse Gereja on the edge of town.

Along the trek from Mamasa to Bittuang there are a couple of organized homestays, such as Homestay Maria in Timbaan. These are simple affairs -- just a bed in a family home.

Villagers along the track are used to seeing trekkers and it is possible to stay with families in most villages. Expect to pay about Rp 50,000 per night, including dinner and breakfast.

Rantepao is the main center for accommodation in Tana Toraja and there is a wide range of hotels and guesthouses. Try the Wisma Maria 1 for cheap, clean rooms, or the nearby Hotel Indra for something a little more expensive.

There are simple guesthouses and a few upmarket hotels in many villages in the area.

Trekking

The route from Mamasa to Bittuang is very simple, and there is really no need for a guide or even a detailed map. Accommodation is available in the villages and simple supplies can be bought along the way.

If you'd rather not carry your own pack, though, guides, porters and horses can be arranged in both Mamasa town and in Rantepao. There are many other trekking routes in Mamasa and Toraja, some of them passing through remote areas. Guides are a good idea for these routes.


Upacara Kematian di Tana Toraja

Sumber: Majalah Travel Club


Tiap daerah punya tradisi menghormati kematian. Jika di Bali kita kenal dengan istilah Ngaben, di Sumatera Utara, Sarimatua, maka di Tana Toraja dikenal dengan upacara Rambu Solo'. Persamaan dari ketiganya: ritual upacara kematian dan penguburan jenazah.
Di Tana Toraja sendiri memiliki dua upacara adat besar yaitu Rambu Solo' dan Rambu Tuka. Rambu Solo' merupakan upacara penguburan, sedangkan Rambu Tuka, adalah upacara adat selamatan rumah adat yang baru, atau yang baru saja selesai direnovasi.

Rambu Solo' merupakan acara tradisi yang sangat meriah di Tana Toraja, karena memakan waktu berhari-hari untuk merayakannya. Upacara ini biasanya dilaksanakan pada siang hari, saat matahari mulai condong ke barat dan biasanya membutuhkan waktu 2-3 hari. Bahkan bisa sampai dua minggu untuk kalangan bangsawan. Kuburannya sendiri dibuat di bagian atas tebing di ketinggian bukit batu.

Karena menurut kepercayaan Aluk To Dolo (kepercayaan masyarakat Tana Toraja dulu, sebelum masuknya agama Nasrani dan Islam) di kalangan orang Tana Toraja, semakin tinggi tempat jenazah tersebut diletakkan, maka semakin cepat pula rohnya sampai ke nirwana.

Upacara ini bagi masing-masing golongan masyarakat tentunya berbeda-beda. Bila bangsawan yang meninggal dunia, maka jumlah kerbau yang akan dipotong untuk keperluan acara jauh lebih banyak dibanding untuk mereka yang bukan bangsawan. Untuk keluarga bangsawan, jumlah kerbau bisa berkisar dari 24 sampai dengan 100 ekor kerbau. Sedangkan warga golongan menengah diharuskan menyembelih 8 ekor kerbau ditambah dengan 50 ekor babi, dan lama upacara sekitar 3 hari.

Tapi, sebelum jumlah itu mencukupi, jenazah tidak boleh dikuburkan di tebing atau di tempat tinggi. Makanya, tak jarang jenazah disimpan selama bertahun-tahun di Tongkonan (rumah adat Toraja) sampai akhirnya keluarga almarhum/ almarhumah dapat menyiapkan hewan kurban. Namun bagi penganut agama Nasrani dan Islam kini, jenazah dapat dikuburkan dulu di tanah, lalu digali kembali setelah pihak keluarganya siap untuk melaksanakan upacara ini.

Bagi masyarakat Tana Toraja, orang yang sudah meninggal tidak dengan sendirinya mendapat gelar orang mati. Bagi mereka sebelum terjadinya upacara Rambu Solo' maka orang yang meninggal itu dianggap sebagai orang sakit. Karena statusnya masih 'sakit', maka orang yang sudah meninggal tadi harus dirawat dan diperlakukan layaknya orang yang masih hidup, seperti menemaninya, menyediakan makanan, minuman dan rokok atau sirih. Hal-hal yang biasanya dilakukan oleh arwah, harus terus dijalankan seperti biasanya.

Jenazah dipindahkan dari rumah duka menuju tongkonan pertama (tongkonan tammuon), yaitu tongkonan dimana ia berasal. Di sana dilakukan penyembelihan 1 ekor kerbau sebagai kurban atau dalam bahasa Torajanya Ma'tinggoro Tedong, yaitu cara penyembelihan khas orang Toraja, menebas kerbau dengan parang dengan satu kali tebasan saja. Kerbau yang akan disembelih ditambatkan pada sebuah batu yang diberi nama Simbuang Batu. Setelah itu, kerbau tadi dipotong-potong dan dagingnya dibagi-bagikan kepada mereka yang hadir.

Jenazah berada di tongkonan pertama (tongkonan tammuon) hanya sehari, lalu keesokan harinya jenazah akan dipindahkan lagi ke tongkonan yang berada agak ke atas lagi, yaitu tongkonan barebatu, dan di sini pun prosesinya sama dengan di tongkonan yang pertama, yaitu penyembelihan kerbau dan dagingnya akan dibagi-bagikan kepada orang-orang yang berada di sekitar tongkonan tersebut.

Seluruh prosesi acara Rambu Solo' selalu dilakukan pada siang hari. Siang itu sekitar pukul 11.30 Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Wita), kami semua tiba di tongkonan barebatu, karena hari ini adalah hari pemindahan jenazah dari tongkonan barebatu menuju rante (lapangan tempat acara berlangsung).

Jenazah diusung menggunakan duba-duba (keranda khas Toraja). Di depan duba-duba terdapat lamba-lamba (kain merah yang panjang, biasanya terletak di depan keranda jenazah, dan dalam prosesi pengarakan, kain tersebut ditarik oleh para wanita dalam keluarga itu).

Prosesi pengarakan jenazah dari tongkonan barebatu menuju rante dilakukan setelah kebaktian dan makan siang. Barulah keluarga dekat arwah ikut mengusung keranda tersebut. Para laki-laki yang mengangkat keranda tersebut, sedangkan wanita yang menarik lamba-lamba.

Dalam pengarakan terdapat urut-urutan yang harus dilaksanakan, pada urutan pertama kita akan lihat orang yang membawa gong yang sangat besar, lalu diikuti dengan tompi saratu (atau yang biasa kita kenal dengan umbul-umbul), lalu tepat di belakang tompi saratu ada barisan tedong (kerbau) diikuti dengan lamba-lamba dan yang terakhir barulah duba-duba.

Jenazah tersebut akan disemayamkan di rante (lapangan khusus tempat prosesi berlangsung), di sana sudah berdiri lantang (rumah sementara yang terbuat dari bambu dan kayu) yang sudah diberi nomor. Lantang itu sendiri berfungsi sebagai tempat tinggal para sanak keluarga yang datang nanti. Karena selama acara berlangsung mereka semua tidak kembali ke rumah masing-masing tetapi menginap di lantang yang telah disediakan oleh keluarga yang sedang berduka.

Iring-iringan jenazah akhirnya sampai di rante yang nantinya akan diletakkan di lakkien (menara tempat disemayamkannya jenazah selama prosesi berlangsung). Menara itu merupakan bangunan yang paling tinggi di antara lantang-lantang yang ada di rante. Lakkien sendiri terbuat dari pohon bambu dengan bentuk rumah adat Toraja. Jenazah dibaringkan di atas lakkien sebelum nantinya akan dikubur. Di rante sudah siap dua ekor kerbau yang akan ditebas.

Setelah jenazah sampai di lakkien, acara selanjutnya adalah penerimaan tamu, yaitu sanak saudara yang datang dari penjuru tanah air. Pada sore hari setelah prosesi penerimaan tamu selesai, dilanjutkan dengan hiburan bagi para keluarga dan para tamu undangan yang datang, dengan mempertontonkan ma'pasilaga tedong (adu kerbau). Bukan main ramainya para penonton, karena selama upacara Rambu Solo', adu hewan pemamah biak ini merupakan acara yang ditunggu-tunggu.

Selama beberapa hari ke depan penerimaan tamu dan adu kerbau merupakan agenda acara berikutnya, penerimaan tamu terus dilaksanakan sampai semua tamu-tamunya berada di tempat yang telah disediakan yaitu lantang yang berada di rante. Sore harinya selalu diadakan adu kerbau, hal ini merupakan hiburan yang digemari oleh orang-orang Tana Toraja hingga sampai pada hari penguburan. Baik itu yang dikuburkan di tebing maupun yang di patane' (kuburan dari kayu berbentuk rumah adat).
Tiap daerah punya tradisi menghormati kematian. Jika di Bali kita kenal dengan istilah Ngaben, di Sumatera Utara, Sarimatua, maka di Tana Toraja dikenal dengan upacara Rambu Solo'. Persamaan dari ketiganya: ritual upacara kematian dan penguburan jenazah.
Di Tana Toraja sendiri memiliki dua upacara adat besar yaitu Rambu Solo' dan Rambu Tuka. Rambu Solo' merupakan upacara penguburan, sedangkan Rambu Tuka, adalah upacara adat selamatan rumah adat yang baru, atau yang baru saja selesai direnovasi.

Rambu Solo' merupakan acara tradisi yang sangat meriah di Tana Toraja, karena memakan waktu berhari-hari untuk merayakannya. Upacara ini biasanya dilaksanakan pada siang hari, saat matahari mulai condong ke barat dan biasanya membutuhkan waktu 2-3 hari. Bahkan bisa sampai dua minggu untuk kalangan bangsawan. Kuburannya sendiri dibuat di bagian atas tebing di ketinggian bukit batu.

Karena menurut kepercayaan Aluk To Dolo (kepercayaan masyarakat Tana Toraja dulu, sebelum masuknya agama Nasrani dan Islam) di kalangan orang Tana Toraja, semakin tinggi tempat jenazah tersebut diletakkan, maka semakin cepat pula rohnya sampai ke nirwana.

Upacara ini bagi masing-masing golongan masyarakat tentunya berbeda-beda. Bila bangsawan yang meninggal dunia, maka jumlah kerbau yang akan dipotong untuk keperluan acara jauh lebih banyak dibanding untuk mereka yang bukan bangsawan. Untuk keluarga bangsawan, jumlah kerbau bisa berkisar dari 24 sampai dengan 100 ekor kerbau. Sedangkan warga golongan menengah diharuskan menyembelih 8 ekor kerbau ditambah dengan 50 ekor babi, dan lama upacara sekitar 3 hari.

Tapi, sebelum jumlah itu mencukupi, jenazah tidak boleh dikuburkan di tebing atau di tempat tinggi. Makanya, tak jarang jenazah disimpan selama bertahun-tahun di Tongkonan (rumah adat Toraja) sampai akhirnya keluarga almarhum/ almarhumah dapat menyiapkan hewan kurban. Namun bagi penganut agama Nasrani dan Islam kini, jenazah dapat dikuburkan dulu di tanah, lalu digali kembali setelah pihak keluarganya siap untuk melaksanakan upacara ini.

Bagi masyarakat Tana Toraja, orang yang sudah meninggal tidak dengan sendirinya mendapat gelar orang mati. Bagi mereka sebelum terjadinya upacara Rambu Solo' maka orang yang meninggal itu dianggap sebagai orang sakit. Karena statusnya masih 'sakit', maka orang yang sudah meninggal tadi harus dirawat dan diperlakukan layaknya orang yang masih hidup, seperti menemaninya, menyediakan makanan, minuman dan rokok atau sirih. Hal-hal yang biasanya dilakukan oleh arwah, harus terus dijalankan seperti biasanya.

Jenazah dipindahkan dari rumah duka menuju tongkonan pertama (tongkonan tammuon), yaitu tongkonan dimana ia berasal. Di sana dilakukan penyembelihan 1 ekor kerbau sebagai kurban atau dalam bahasa Torajanya Ma'tinggoro Tedong, yaitu cara penyembelihan khas orang Toraja, menebas kerbau dengan parang dengan satu kali tebasan saja. Kerbau yang akan disembelih ditambatkan pada sebuah batu yang diberi nama Simbuang Batu. Setelah itu, kerbau tadi dipotong-potong dan dagingnya dibagi-bagikan kepada mereka yang hadir.

Jenazah berada di tongkonan pertama (tongkonan tammuon) hanya sehari, lalu keesokan harinya jenazah akan dipindahkan lagi ke tongkonan yang berada agak ke atas lagi, yaitu tongkonan barebatu, dan di sini pun prosesinya sama dengan di tongkonan yang pertama, yaitu penyembelihan kerbau dan dagingnya akan dibagi-bagikan kepada orang-orang yang berada di sekitar tongkonan tersebut.

Seluruh prosesi acara Rambu Solo' selalu dilakukan pada siang hari. Siang itu sekitar pukul 11.30 Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Wita), kami semua tiba di tongkonan barebatu, karena hari ini adalah hari pemindahan jenazah dari tongkonan barebatu menuju rante (lapangan tempat acara berlangsung).

Jenazah diusung menggunakan duba-duba (keranda khas Toraja). Di depan duba-duba terdapat lamba-lamba (kain merah yang panjang, biasanya terletak di depan keranda jenazah, dan dalam prosesi pengarakan, kain tersebut ditarik oleh para wanita dalam keluarga itu).

Prosesi pengarakan jenazah dari tongkonan barebatu menuju rante dilakukan setelah kebaktian dan makan siang. Barulah keluarga dekat arwah ikut mengusung keranda tersebut. Para laki-laki yang mengangkat keranda tersebut, sedangkan wanita yang menarik lamba-lamba.

Dalam pengarakan terdapat urut-urutan yang harus dilaksanakan, pada urutan pertama kita akan lihat orang yang membawa gong yang sangat besar, lalu diikuti dengan tompi saratu (atau yang biasa kita kenal dengan umbul-umbul), lalu tepat di belakang tompi saratu ada barisan tedong (kerbau) diikuti dengan lamba-lamba dan yang terakhir barulah duba-duba.

Jenazah tersebut akan disemayamkan di rante (lapangan khusus tempat prosesi berlangsung), di sana sudah berdiri lantang (rumah sementara yang terbuat dari bambu dan kayu) yang sudah diberi nomor. Lantang itu sendiri berfungsi sebagai tempat tinggal para sanak keluarga yang datang nanti. Karena selama acara berlangsung mereka semua tidak kembali ke rumah masing-masing tetapi menginap di lantang yang telah disediakan oleh keluarga yang sedang berduka.

Iring-iringan jenazah akhirnya sampai di rante yang nantinya akan diletakkan di lakkien (menara tempat disemayamkannya jenazah selama prosesi berlangsung). Menara itu merupakan bangunan yang paling tinggi di antara lantang-lantang yang ada di rante. Lakkien sendiri terbuat dari pohon bambu dengan bentuk rumah adat Toraja. Jenazah dibaringkan di atas lakkien sebelum nantinya akan dikubur. Di rante sudah siap dua ekor kerbau yang akan ditebas.

Setelah jenazah sampai di lakkien, acara selanjutnya adalah penerimaan tamu, yaitu sanak saudara yang datang dari penjuru tanah air. Pada sore hari setelah prosesi penerimaan tamu selesai, dilanjutkan dengan hiburan bagi para keluarga dan para tamu undangan yang datang, dengan mempertontonkan ma'pasilaga tedong (adu kerbau). Bukan main ramainya para penonton, karena selama upacara Rambu Solo', adu hewan pemamah biak ini merupakan acara yang ditunggu-tunggu.

Selama beberapa hari ke depan penerimaan tamu dan adu kerbau merupakan agenda acara berikutnya, penerimaan tamu terus dilaksanakan sampai semua tamu-tamunya berada di tempat yang telah disediakan yaitu lantang yang berada di rante. Sore harinya selalu diadakan adu kerbau, hal ini merupakan hiburan yang digemari oleh orang-orang Tana Toraja hingga sampai pada hari penguburan. Baik itu yang dikuburkan di tebing maupun yang di patane' (kuburan dari kayu berbentuk rumah adat).


Read More...... Sumber: Majalah Travel Club


Tiap daerah punya tradisi menghormati kematian. Jika di Bali kita kenal dengan istilah Ngaben, di Sumatera Utara, Sarimatua, maka di Tana Toraja dikenal dengan upacara Rambu Solo'. Persamaan dari ketiganya: ritual upacara kematian dan penguburan jenazah.
Di Tana Toraja sendiri memiliki dua upacara adat besar yaitu Rambu Solo' dan Rambu Tuka. Rambu Solo' merupakan upacara penguburan, sedangkan Rambu Tuka, adalah upacara adat selamatan rumah adat yang baru, atau yang baru saja selesai direnovasi.

Rambu Solo' merupakan acara tradisi yang sangat meriah di Tana Toraja, karena memakan waktu berhari-hari untuk merayakannya. Upacara ini biasanya dilaksanakan pada siang hari, saat matahari mulai condong ke barat dan biasanya membutuhkan waktu 2-3 hari. Bahkan bisa sampai dua minggu untuk kalangan bangsawan. Kuburannya sendiri dibuat di bagian atas tebing di ketinggian bukit batu.

Karena menurut kepercayaan Aluk To Dolo (kepercayaan masyarakat Tana Toraja dulu, sebelum masuknya agama Nasrani dan Islam) di kalangan orang Tana Toraja, semakin tinggi tempat jenazah tersebut diletakkan, maka semakin cepat pula rohnya sampai ke nirwana.

Upacara ini bagi masing-masing golongan masyarakat tentunya berbeda-beda. Bila bangsawan yang meninggal dunia, maka jumlah kerbau yang akan dipotong untuk keperluan acara jauh lebih banyak dibanding untuk mereka yang bukan bangsawan. Untuk keluarga bangsawan, jumlah kerbau bisa berkisar dari 24 sampai dengan 100 ekor kerbau. Sedangkan warga golongan menengah diharuskan menyembelih 8 ekor kerbau ditambah dengan 50 ekor babi, dan lama upacara sekitar 3 hari.

Tapi, sebelum jumlah itu mencukupi, jenazah tidak boleh dikuburkan di tebing atau di tempat tinggi. Makanya, tak jarang jenazah disimpan selama bertahun-tahun di Tongkonan (rumah adat Toraja) sampai akhirnya keluarga almarhum/ almarhumah dapat menyiapkan hewan kurban. Namun bagi penganut agama Nasrani dan Islam kini, jenazah dapat dikuburkan dulu di tanah, lalu digali kembali setelah pihak keluarganya siap untuk melaksanakan upacara ini.

Bagi masyarakat Tana Toraja, orang yang sudah meninggal tidak dengan sendirinya mendapat gelar orang mati. Bagi mereka sebelum terjadinya upacara Rambu Solo' maka orang yang meninggal itu dianggap sebagai orang sakit. Karena statusnya masih 'sakit', maka orang yang sudah meninggal tadi harus dirawat dan diperlakukan layaknya orang yang masih hidup, seperti menemaninya, menyediakan makanan, minuman dan rokok atau sirih. Hal-hal yang biasanya dilakukan oleh arwah, harus terus dijalankan seperti biasanya.

Jenazah dipindahkan dari rumah duka menuju tongkonan pertama (tongkonan tammuon), yaitu tongkonan dimana ia berasal. Di sana dilakukan penyembelihan 1 ekor kerbau sebagai kurban atau dalam bahasa Torajanya Ma'tinggoro Tedong, yaitu cara penyembelihan khas orang Toraja, menebas kerbau dengan parang dengan satu kali tebasan saja. Kerbau yang akan disembelih ditambatkan pada sebuah batu yang diberi nama Simbuang Batu. Setelah itu, kerbau tadi dipotong-potong dan dagingnya dibagi-bagikan kepada mereka yang hadir.

Jenazah berada di tongkonan pertama (tongkonan tammuon) hanya sehari, lalu keesokan harinya jenazah akan dipindahkan lagi ke tongkonan yang berada agak ke atas lagi, yaitu tongkonan barebatu, dan di sini pun prosesinya sama dengan di tongkonan yang pertama, yaitu penyembelihan kerbau dan dagingnya akan dibagi-bagikan kepada orang-orang yang berada di sekitar tongkonan tersebut.

Seluruh prosesi acara Rambu Solo' selalu dilakukan pada siang hari. Siang itu sekitar pukul 11.30 Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Wita), kami semua tiba di tongkonan barebatu, karena hari ini adalah hari pemindahan jenazah dari tongkonan barebatu menuju rante (lapangan tempat acara berlangsung).

Jenazah diusung menggunakan duba-duba (keranda khas Toraja). Di depan duba-duba terdapat lamba-lamba (kain merah yang panjang, biasanya terletak di depan keranda jenazah, dan dalam prosesi pengarakan, kain tersebut ditarik oleh para wanita dalam keluarga itu).

Prosesi pengarakan jenazah dari tongkonan barebatu menuju rante dilakukan setelah kebaktian dan makan siang. Barulah keluarga dekat arwah ikut mengusung keranda tersebut. Para laki-laki yang mengangkat keranda tersebut, sedangkan wanita yang menarik lamba-lamba.

Dalam pengarakan terdapat urut-urutan yang harus dilaksanakan, pada urutan pertama kita akan lihat orang yang membawa gong yang sangat besar, lalu diikuti dengan tompi saratu (atau yang biasa kita kenal dengan umbul-umbul), lalu tepat di belakang tompi saratu ada barisan tedong (kerbau) diikuti dengan lamba-lamba dan yang terakhir barulah duba-duba.

Jenazah tersebut akan disemayamkan di rante (lapangan khusus tempat prosesi berlangsung), di sana sudah berdiri lantang (rumah sementara yang terbuat dari bambu dan kayu) yang sudah diberi nomor. Lantang itu sendiri berfungsi sebagai tempat tinggal para sanak keluarga yang datang nanti. Karena selama acara berlangsung mereka semua tidak kembali ke rumah masing-masing tetapi menginap di lantang yang telah disediakan oleh keluarga yang sedang berduka.

Iring-iringan jenazah akhirnya sampai di rante yang nantinya akan diletakkan di lakkien (menara tempat disemayamkannya jenazah selama prosesi berlangsung). Menara itu merupakan bangunan yang paling tinggi di antara lantang-lantang yang ada di rante. Lakkien sendiri terbuat dari pohon bambu dengan bentuk rumah adat Toraja. Jenazah dibaringkan di atas lakkien sebelum nantinya akan dikubur. Di rante sudah siap dua ekor kerbau yang akan ditebas.

Setelah jenazah sampai di lakkien, acara selanjutnya adalah penerimaan tamu, yaitu sanak saudara yang datang dari penjuru tanah air. Pada sore hari setelah prosesi penerimaan tamu selesai, dilanjutkan dengan hiburan bagi para keluarga dan para tamu undangan yang datang, dengan mempertontonkan ma'pasilaga tedong (adu kerbau). Bukan main ramainya para penonton, karena selama upacara Rambu Solo', adu hewan pemamah biak ini merupakan acara yang ditunggu-tunggu.

Selama beberapa hari ke depan penerimaan tamu dan adu kerbau merupakan agenda acara berikutnya, penerimaan tamu terus dilaksanakan sampai semua tamu-tamunya berada di tempat yang telah disediakan yaitu lantang yang berada di rante. Sore harinya selalu diadakan adu kerbau, hal ini merupakan hiburan yang digemari oleh orang-orang Tana Toraja hingga sampai pada hari penguburan. Baik itu yang dikuburkan di tebing maupun yang di patane' (kuburan dari kayu berbentuk rumah adat).
Tiap daerah punya tradisi menghormati kematian. Jika di Bali kita kenal dengan istilah Ngaben, di Sumatera Utara, Sarimatua, maka di Tana Toraja dikenal dengan upacara Rambu Solo'. Persamaan dari ketiganya: ritual upacara kematian dan penguburan jenazah.
Di Tana Toraja sendiri memiliki dua upacara adat besar yaitu Rambu Solo' dan Rambu Tuka. Rambu Solo' merupakan upacara penguburan, sedangkan Rambu Tuka, adalah upacara adat selamatan rumah adat yang baru, atau yang baru saja selesai direnovasi.

Rambu Solo' merupakan acara tradisi yang sangat meriah di Tana Toraja, karena memakan waktu berhari-hari untuk merayakannya. Upacara ini biasanya dilaksanakan pada siang hari, saat matahari mulai condong ke barat dan biasanya membutuhkan waktu 2-3 hari. Bahkan bisa sampai dua minggu untuk kalangan bangsawan. Kuburannya sendiri dibuat di bagian atas tebing di ketinggian bukit batu.

Karena menurut kepercayaan Aluk To Dolo (kepercayaan masyarakat Tana Toraja dulu, sebelum masuknya agama Nasrani dan Islam) di kalangan orang Tana Toraja, semakin tinggi tempat jenazah tersebut diletakkan, maka semakin cepat pula rohnya sampai ke nirwana.

Upacara ini bagi masing-masing golongan masyarakat tentunya berbeda-beda. Bila bangsawan yang meninggal dunia, maka jumlah kerbau yang akan dipotong untuk keperluan acara jauh lebih banyak dibanding untuk mereka yang bukan bangsawan. Untuk keluarga bangsawan, jumlah kerbau bisa berkisar dari 24 sampai dengan 100 ekor kerbau. Sedangkan warga golongan menengah diharuskan menyembelih 8 ekor kerbau ditambah dengan 50 ekor babi, dan lama upacara sekitar 3 hari.

Tapi, sebelum jumlah itu mencukupi, jenazah tidak boleh dikuburkan di tebing atau di tempat tinggi. Makanya, tak jarang jenazah disimpan selama bertahun-tahun di Tongkonan (rumah adat Toraja) sampai akhirnya keluarga almarhum/ almarhumah dapat menyiapkan hewan kurban. Namun bagi penganut agama Nasrani dan Islam kini, jenazah dapat dikuburkan dulu di tanah, lalu digali kembali setelah pihak keluarganya siap untuk melaksanakan upacara ini.

Bagi masyarakat Tana Toraja, orang yang sudah meninggal tidak dengan sendirinya mendapat gelar orang mati. Bagi mereka sebelum terjadinya upacara Rambu Solo' maka orang yang meninggal itu dianggap sebagai orang sakit. Karena statusnya masih 'sakit', maka orang yang sudah meninggal tadi harus dirawat dan diperlakukan layaknya orang yang masih hidup, seperti menemaninya, menyediakan makanan, minuman dan rokok atau sirih. Hal-hal yang biasanya dilakukan oleh arwah, harus terus dijalankan seperti biasanya.

Jenazah dipindahkan dari rumah duka menuju tongkonan pertama (tongkonan tammuon), yaitu tongkonan dimana ia berasal. Di sana dilakukan penyembelihan 1 ekor kerbau sebagai kurban atau dalam bahasa Torajanya Ma'tinggoro Tedong, yaitu cara penyembelihan khas orang Toraja, menebas kerbau dengan parang dengan satu kali tebasan saja. Kerbau yang akan disembelih ditambatkan pada sebuah batu yang diberi nama Simbuang Batu. Setelah itu, kerbau tadi dipotong-potong dan dagingnya dibagi-bagikan kepada mereka yang hadir.

Jenazah berada di tongkonan pertama (tongkonan tammuon) hanya sehari, lalu keesokan harinya jenazah akan dipindahkan lagi ke tongkonan yang berada agak ke atas lagi, yaitu tongkonan barebatu, dan di sini pun prosesinya sama dengan di tongkonan yang pertama, yaitu penyembelihan kerbau dan dagingnya akan dibagi-bagikan kepada orang-orang yang berada di sekitar tongkonan tersebut.

Seluruh prosesi acara Rambu Solo' selalu dilakukan pada siang hari. Siang itu sekitar pukul 11.30 Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Wita), kami semua tiba di tongkonan barebatu, karena hari ini adalah hari pemindahan jenazah dari tongkonan barebatu menuju rante (lapangan tempat acara berlangsung).

Jenazah diusung menggunakan duba-duba (keranda khas Toraja). Di depan duba-duba terdapat lamba-lamba (kain merah yang panjang, biasanya terletak di depan keranda jenazah, dan dalam prosesi pengarakan, kain tersebut ditarik oleh para wanita dalam keluarga itu).

Prosesi pengarakan jenazah dari tongkonan barebatu menuju rante dilakukan setelah kebaktian dan makan siang. Barulah keluarga dekat arwah ikut mengusung keranda tersebut. Para laki-laki yang mengangkat keranda tersebut, sedangkan wanita yang menarik lamba-lamba.

Dalam pengarakan terdapat urut-urutan yang harus dilaksanakan, pada urutan pertama kita akan lihat orang yang membawa gong yang sangat besar, lalu diikuti dengan tompi saratu (atau yang biasa kita kenal dengan umbul-umbul), lalu tepat di belakang tompi saratu ada barisan tedong (kerbau) diikuti dengan lamba-lamba dan yang terakhir barulah duba-duba.

Jenazah tersebut akan disemayamkan di rante (lapangan khusus tempat prosesi berlangsung), di sana sudah berdiri lantang (rumah sementara yang terbuat dari bambu dan kayu) yang sudah diberi nomor. Lantang itu sendiri berfungsi sebagai tempat tinggal para sanak keluarga yang datang nanti. Karena selama acara berlangsung mereka semua tidak kembali ke rumah masing-masing tetapi menginap di lantang yang telah disediakan oleh keluarga yang sedang berduka.

Iring-iringan jenazah akhirnya sampai di rante yang nantinya akan diletakkan di lakkien (menara tempat disemayamkannya jenazah selama prosesi berlangsung). Menara itu merupakan bangunan yang paling tinggi di antara lantang-lantang yang ada di rante. Lakkien sendiri terbuat dari pohon bambu dengan bentuk rumah adat Toraja. Jenazah dibaringkan di atas lakkien sebelum nantinya akan dikubur. Di rante sudah siap dua ekor kerbau yang akan ditebas.

Setelah jenazah sampai di lakkien, acara selanjutnya adalah penerimaan tamu, yaitu sanak saudara yang datang dari penjuru tanah air. Pada sore hari setelah prosesi penerimaan tamu selesai, dilanjutkan dengan hiburan bagi para keluarga dan para tamu undangan yang datang, dengan mempertontonkan ma'pasilaga tedong (adu kerbau). Bukan main ramainya para penonton, karena selama upacara Rambu Solo', adu hewan pemamah biak ini merupakan acara yang ditunggu-tunggu.

Selama beberapa hari ke depan penerimaan tamu dan adu kerbau merupakan agenda acara berikutnya, penerimaan tamu terus dilaksanakan sampai semua tamu-tamunya berada di tempat yang telah disediakan yaitu lantang yang berada di rante. Sore harinya selalu diadakan adu kerbau, hal ini merupakan hiburan yang digemari oleh orang-orang Tana Toraja hingga sampai pada hari penguburan. Baik itu yang dikuburkan di tebing maupun yang di patane' (kuburan dari kayu berbentuk rumah adat).






Read More......



Bahaya Merokok

by Daniel GM

Tadi habis blogwalking ketemu blognya misteri kid, wah ketemu artikel yg lumayan mengejutkan.. ini dia..:
Fakta (Mengejutkan) Tentang Rokok dan Perokok

Perhatikanlah fakta-fakta berikut tentang rokok dan perokok di Indonesia dan dunia:

1. Sejauh ini, tembakau berada pada peringkat utama penyebab kematian yang dapat dicegah di dunia. Tembakau menyebabkan satu dari 10 kematian orang dewasa di seluruh dunia, dan mengakibatkan 5,4 juta kematian tahun 2006. Ini berarti rata-rata satu kematian setiap 6,5 detik. Kematian pada tahun 2020 akan mendekati dua kali jumlah kematian saat ini jika kebiasaan konsumsi rokok saat ini terus berlanjut. [1]
2. Diperkirakan, 900 juta (84 persen) perokok sedunia hidup di negara-negara berkembang atau transisi ekonomi termasuk di Indonesia. The Tobacco Atlas mencatat, ada lebih dari 10 juta batang rokok diisap setiap menit, tiap hari, di seluruh dunia oleh satu miliar laki-laki, dan 250 juta perempuan. Sebanyak 50 persen total konsumsi rokok dunia dimiliki China, Amerika Serikat, Rusia, Jepang dan Indonesia. Bila kondisi ini berlanjut, jumlah total rokok yang dihisap tiap tahun adalah 9.000 triliun rokok pada tahun 2025. [1]
3. Di Asia, Badan Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) menyebutkan, Indonesia menempati urutan ketiga terbanyak jumlah perokok yang mencapai 146.860.000 jiwa. Namun, sampai saat ini Indonesia belum mempunyai Peraturan Perundangan untuk melarang anak merokok. Akibat tidak adanya aturan yang tegas, dalam penelitian di empat kota yaitu Bandung, Padang, Yogyakarta dan Malang pada tahun 2004, prevalensi perokok usia 5-9 tahun meningkat drastis dari 0,6 persen (tahun 1995) jadi 2,8 persen (2004). [1]
4. Peningkatan prevalensi merokok tertinggi berada pada interval usia 15-19 tahun dari 13,7 persen jadi 24,2 persen atau naik 77 persen dari tahun 1995. Menurut Survei Global Tembakau di Kalangan Remaja pada 1.490 murid SMP di Jakarta tahun 1999, terdapat 46,7 persen siswa yang pernah merokok dan 19 persen di antaranya mencoba sebelum usia 10 tahun. “Remaja umumnya mulai merokok di usia remaja awal atau SMP,” kata psikolog dari Fakultas Psikologi UI Dharmayati Utoyo Lubis. [1]
5. Sebanyak 84,8 juta jiwa perokok di Indonesia berpenghasilan kurang dari Rp 20 ribu per hari–upah minimum regional untuk Jakarta sekitar Rp 38 ribu per hari. [2]
6. Perokok di Indonesia 70 persen diantaranya berasal dari kalangan keluarga miskin. [3]
7. 12,9 persen budget keluarga miskin untuk rokok dan untuk orang kaya hanya sembilan persen. [3]
8. Mengutip dana Survei Ekonomi dan Kesehatan Nasional (Susenas), konsumsi rumah tangga miskin untuk tembakau di Indonesia menduduki ranking kedua (12,43 persen) setelah konsumsi beras (19.30 persen). “Ini aneh tatkala masyarakat kian prihatin karena harga bahan pokok naik, justru konsumen rokok kian banyak,” [3]
9. Orang miskin di Indonesia mengalokasikan uangnya untuk rokok pada urutan kedua setelah membeli beras. Mengeluarkan uangnya untuk rokok enam kali lebih penting dari pendidikan dan kesehatan. [3]
10. Pemilik perusahaan rokok PT Djarum, R. Budi Hartono, termasuk dalam 10 orang terkaya se-Asia Tenggara versi Majalah Forbes. Ia menempati posisi kesepuluh dengan total harta US$ 2,3 miliar, dalam daftar yang dikeluarkan Kamis (8/9/2005). [4]
11. Sekitar 50% penderita kanker paru tidak mengetahui bahwa asap rokok merupakan penyebab penyakitnya. [5]
12. Dari 12% anak-anak SD yang sudah diteliti pernah merasakan merokok dengan coba-coba. Kurang lebih setengahnya meneruskan kebiasaan merokok ini. [5]
13. Besaran cukai rokok di Indonesia dinilai masih terlalu rendah. Saat ini, besarnya cukai rokok 37 persen dari harga rokok. Bandingkan dengan India (72 persen), Thailand (63 persen), Jepang (61 persen). [6]
14. Sebanyak 1.172 orang di Indonesia meninggal setiap hari karena tembakau. [7]
15. 100 persen pecandu narkoba merupakan perokok. [8]
16. Perda DKI Jakarta No 2 Tahun 2005, Pasal 13 ayat 1: Tempat umum, sarana kesehatan, tempat kerja dan tempat yang secara spesifik sebagai tempat proses belajar mengajar, arena kegiatan anak, tempat ibadah dan angkutan umum dinyatakan sebagai kawasan dilarang merokok. — Pelanggarnya diancam dengan sanksi pidana berupa denda maksimum Rp 50 juta, atau 6 bulan kurungan. Kenyataannya, Perda ini seperti dianggap tidak ada oleh perokok, dan pemerintah pun tidak tegas dalam menjalankannya.

Hmm, seandainya pemerintah dapat tegas menjalankan Perda di atas, mungkin hutang pemerintah akan langsung lunas dibayar para perokok… Selain itu tentunya akan mengurangi pencemaran udara, membuat masyarakat lebih sehat, mengurangi angka kemiskinan, dan mengurangi angka kriminalitas.

Di antara 16 fakta di atas, fakta mana yang paling mengejutkan untuk Anda? Kalau untuk saya, fakta nomor 5 yang paling mengejutkan. Saya jadi ingat kata-kata: tidak ada perokok yang terlalu miskin untuk membeli rokok. Tampaknya kata-kata itu ada benarnya. Mereka lebih memilih rokok dibandingkan kebutuhan pokok mereka lainnya Selengkapnya!

Read More...... by Daniel GM

Tadi habis blogwalking ketemu blognya misteri kid, wah ketemu artikel yg lumayan mengejutkan.. ini dia..:
Fakta (Mengejutkan) Tentang Rokok dan Perokok

Perhatikanlah fakta-fakta berikut tentang rokok dan perokok di Indonesia dan dunia:

1. Sejauh ini, tembakau berada pada peringkat utama penyebab kematian yang dapat dicegah di dunia. Tembakau menyebabkan satu dari 10 kematian orang dewasa di seluruh dunia, dan mengakibatkan 5,4 juta kematian tahun 2006. Ini berarti rata-rata satu kematian setiap 6,5 detik. Kematian pada tahun 2020 akan mendekati dua kali jumlah kematian saat ini jika kebiasaan konsumsi rokok saat ini terus berlanjut. [1]
2. Diperkirakan, 900 juta (84 persen) perokok sedunia hidup di negara-negara berkembang atau transisi ekonomi termasuk di Indonesia. The Tobacco Atlas mencatat, ada lebih dari 10 juta batang rokok diisap setiap menit, tiap hari, di seluruh dunia oleh satu miliar laki-laki, dan 250 juta perempuan. Sebanyak 50 persen total konsumsi rokok dunia dimiliki China, Amerika Serikat, Rusia, Jepang dan Indonesia. Bila kondisi ini berlanjut, jumlah total rokok yang dihisap tiap tahun adalah 9.000 triliun rokok pada tahun 2025. [1]
3. Di Asia, Badan Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) menyebutkan, Indonesia menempati urutan ketiga terbanyak jumlah perokok yang mencapai 146.860.000 jiwa. Namun, sampai saat ini Indonesia belum mempunyai Peraturan Perundangan untuk melarang anak merokok. Akibat tidak adanya aturan yang tegas, dalam penelitian di empat kota yaitu Bandung, Padang, Yogyakarta dan Malang pada tahun 2004, prevalensi perokok usia 5-9 tahun meningkat drastis dari 0,6 persen (tahun 1995) jadi 2,8 persen (2004). [1]
4. Peningkatan prevalensi merokok tertinggi berada pada interval usia 15-19 tahun dari 13,7 persen jadi 24,2 persen atau naik 77 persen dari tahun 1995. Menurut Survei Global Tembakau di Kalangan Remaja pada 1.490 murid SMP di Jakarta tahun 1999, terdapat 46,7 persen siswa yang pernah merokok dan 19 persen di antaranya mencoba sebelum usia 10 tahun. “Remaja umumnya mulai merokok di usia remaja awal atau SMP,” kata psikolog dari Fakultas Psikologi UI Dharmayati Utoyo Lubis. [1]
5. Sebanyak 84,8 juta jiwa perokok di Indonesia berpenghasilan kurang dari Rp 20 ribu per hari–upah minimum regional untuk Jakarta sekitar Rp 38 ribu per hari. [2]
6. Perokok di Indonesia 70 persen diantaranya berasal dari kalangan keluarga miskin. [3]
7. 12,9 persen budget keluarga miskin untuk rokok dan untuk orang kaya hanya sembilan persen. [3]
8. Mengutip dana Survei Ekonomi dan Kesehatan Nasional (Susenas), konsumsi rumah tangga miskin untuk tembakau di Indonesia menduduki ranking kedua (12,43 persen) setelah konsumsi beras (19.30 persen). “Ini aneh tatkala masyarakat kian prihatin karena harga bahan pokok naik, justru konsumen rokok kian banyak,” [3]
9. Orang miskin di Indonesia mengalokasikan uangnya untuk rokok pada urutan kedua setelah membeli beras. Mengeluarkan uangnya untuk rokok enam kali lebih penting dari pendidikan dan kesehatan. [3]
10. Pemilik perusahaan rokok PT Djarum, R. Budi Hartono, termasuk dalam 10 orang terkaya se-Asia Tenggara versi Majalah Forbes. Ia menempati posisi kesepuluh dengan total harta US$ 2,3 miliar, dalam daftar yang dikeluarkan Kamis (8/9/2005). [4]
11. Sekitar 50% penderita kanker paru tidak mengetahui bahwa asap rokok merupakan penyebab penyakitnya. [5]
12. Dari 12% anak-anak SD yang sudah diteliti pernah merasakan merokok dengan coba-coba. Kurang lebih setengahnya meneruskan kebiasaan merokok ini. [5]
13. Besaran cukai rokok di Indonesia dinilai masih terlalu rendah. Saat ini, besarnya cukai rokok 37 persen dari harga rokok. Bandingkan dengan India (72 persen), Thailand (63 persen), Jepang (61 persen). [6]
14. Sebanyak 1.172 orang di Indonesia meninggal setiap hari karena tembakau. [7]
15. 100 persen pecandu narkoba merupakan perokok. [8]
16. Perda DKI Jakarta No 2 Tahun 2005, Pasal 13 ayat 1: Tempat umum, sarana kesehatan, tempat kerja dan tempat yang secara spesifik sebagai tempat proses belajar mengajar, arena kegiatan anak, tempat ibadah dan angkutan umum dinyatakan sebagai kawasan dilarang merokok. — Pelanggarnya diancam dengan sanksi pidana berupa denda maksimum Rp 50 juta, atau 6 bulan kurungan. Kenyataannya, Perda ini seperti dianggap tidak ada oleh perokok, dan pemerintah pun tidak tegas dalam menjalankannya.

Hmm, seandainya pemerintah dapat tegas menjalankan Perda di atas, mungkin hutang pemerintah akan langsung lunas dibayar para perokok… Selain itu tentunya akan mengurangi pencemaran udara, membuat masyarakat lebih sehat, mengurangi angka kemiskinan, dan mengurangi angka kriminalitas.

Di antara 16 fakta di atas, fakta mana yang paling mengejutkan untuk Anda? Kalau untuk saya, fakta nomor 5 yang paling mengejutkan. Saya jadi ingat kata-kata: tidak ada perokok yang terlalu miskin untuk membeli rokok. Tampaknya kata-kata itu ada benarnya. Mereka lebih memilih rokok dibandingkan kebutuhan pokok mereka lainnya Selengkapnya!